CaO mang tính chất oxit base (tác dụng oxit axit, tác dụng dung dịch axit, tác dụng với nước tạo dung dịch base)

Còn SO₂ mang tính chất oxit axit (tác dụng oxit base, tác dụng với dung dịch base, tác dụng với nước tạo dung dịch axit kém bền)

\(a,C\%_A=\dfrac{12,5}{12,5+87,5}.100\%=12,5\%\)

\(b,PTHH:\)

                    \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)

trc p/u :          0,05          0,15 

p/u   :             0,05           0,1            0,05                0,05 

sau:                 0               0,05          0,05                0,05      (mol)

-> sau p/ư NaOH dư .

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40.15\%}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{12,5}{250}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddB}=100+40=140\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_B=\dfrac{4,9}{140}.100\%=3,5\%\)

PT: \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)

\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 40x + 72y = 4,88 (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,45=0,09\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgO}+n_{FeO}=x+y=0,09\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,05.40}{4,88}.100\%\approx40,98\%\\\%m_{FeO}\approx59,02\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, PT: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 80x + 160y = 11,2 (1)

Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=146.10\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}+6n_{Fe_2O_3}=2x+6y=0,4\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,02.80}{11,2}.100\%\approx14,29\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}\approx85,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuO}+3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{4,9\%}=400\left(g\right)\)

Quá trình:

\(Fe_x^{^{+\dfrac{2y}{x}}}\rightarrow xFe^{+3}+\left(3x-2y\right)|\times4\)

\(N^{+5}+3e\rightarrow N^{+2}|\times\left(3x-2y\right)\) 

\(N^{+5}+1e\rightarrow N^{+4}|\times\left(3x-2y\right)\)

PT: \(4Fe_xO_y+\left(18x-4y\right)HNO_3\rightarrow4xFe\left(NO_3\right)_3+\left(3x-2y\right)NO+\left(3x-2y\right)NO_2+\left(9x-2y\right)H_2O\)

a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35.22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)

d, \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,35.152=53,2\left(g\right)\)

e, \(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)

d, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,35=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1:

\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_2H_5OH\)

\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{mengiam}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)

\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\) (xt: H₂SO_{4 đặc}, t^o)

(4) \(Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)

Câu 2:

a, \(n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{^{t^o,xt}}C_2H_5OH\)

Theo PT: \(n_{C_2H_5OH}=n_{C_2H_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,4.46=18,4\left(g\right)\)

b, \(V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{18,4}{0,8}=23\left(ml\right)\)

⇒ Độ rượu = \(\dfrac{23}{23+150}.100\approx13,3^o\)

c, \(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{120}{60}=2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\) (xt: H₂SO_{4 đặc}, t^o)

Xé tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{2}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{1}\), ta được CH₃COOH dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(LT\right)}=n_{C_2H_5OH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Mà: H = 95%

\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_3COOH\left(TT\right)}=0,4.95\%=0,38\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(TT\right)}=0,38.88=33,44\left(g\right)\)

a, \(C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

b, - Khí thoát ra là CH₄ ⇒ V_CH4 = 6,72 (l)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{6,72}{13,44}.100\%=50\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}=50\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a. PTHH: \(C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

a. Vì CH₄ không phản ứng với dd Br₂ nên

       \(V_{CH_4}=6,72\left(l\right)\)

\(\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{6,72}{13,44}x100\%=50\%\)

\(\%V_{C_2H_2}=100\%-50\%=50\%\)