a: =x^3(x-y)+(x-y)

=(x-y)(x^3+1)

=(x-y)(x+1)(x^2-x+1)

b: =(a-1)^2-9b^2

=(a-1-3b)(a-1+3b)

a) \(25a^2-1=\left(5a-1\right)\left(5a+1\right)\)

b) \(a^2-9=\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)\)

c) \(\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\)

d) \(\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)

e) \(\left(2a+b\right)^2-a^2=\left(2a+b-a\right)\left(2a+b+a\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(3a+b\right)\)

f) \(16\left(x-1\right)^2-25\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(4x-4-5x-5y\right)\left(4x-4+5x+5y\right)=\left(-x-4-5y\right)\left(9x+5y-4\right)\)

a/ $25x^2-1\\=(5x)^2-1^2\\=(5x-1)(5x+1)$

b/ $a^2-9\\=a^2-3^2\\=(a-3)(a+3)$

c/ $\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)$

d/ $\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left[\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)^2\right]\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a-\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a+\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)$

e/ $(2a+b)^2-a^2\\=(2a+b-a)(2a+b+a)\\=(a+b)(3a+b)$

f/ $16(x-1)^2-25(x+y)^2\\=[4(x-1)]^2-[5(x-y)]^2\\=[4(x-1)-5(x-y)][4(x-1)+5(x-y)]\\=[4x-4-5x+5y][4x-4+5x-5y]\\=(-x+5y-4)(9x-5y-4)$

d) (8a3 – 27b3) – 2a(4a2 – 9b2)

= (2a – 3b)(4a2 + 6ab + 9b2) – 2a(2a – 3b)(2a + 3b)

= (2a – 3b)(4a2 + 6ab + 9b2 – 4a2 – 6ab) = 9b2(2a – 3b)

Bài 1: 

a: Ta có: \(\left(6x+3\right)-\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(3-2x+5\right)\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(8-2x\right)\)

\(=2\left(4-x\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)

b) Ta có: \(\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x-3\right)-\left(2-3x\right)\left(x-1\right)-2\left(3x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x-3\right)+\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)\left(2x+2\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x-3+x-1-2x-2\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x-6\right)\)

\(=3\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-2\right)\)

Bài 2: 

a: Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+2b\right)-\left(b-a\right)\left(2a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a+3b\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+2b\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a+3b\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+2b+2a-b-a-3b\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-4b\right)\)

\(=2\left(a-b\right)\left(a-2b\right)\)

f: Ta có: \(x^2-6xy+9y^2+4x-12y\)

\(=\left(x-3y\right)^2+4\left(x-3y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-3y+4\right)\)

a,\(5ab-45a^3b\)

=\(5ab\left(1-9a^2\right)\)

=\(5ab\left(1-3a\right)\left(1+3a\right)\)

b,\(3a-6ab+5-10b\)

=\(\left(3a-6ab\right)+\left(5-10b\right)\)

=\(3a\left(1-2b\right)+5\left(1-2b\right)\)

=\(\left(1-2b\right)\left(3a+5\right)\)

c,\(a^2-7ab-2a+14b\)

=\(\left(a^2-7ab\right)-\left(2a-14b\right)\)

=\(a\left(a-7b\right)-2\left(a-7b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-7b\right)\left(a-2\right)\)

d,\(4a^2-8b+4a-8ab\)

=\(\left(4a^2-8ab\right)+\left(4a-8b\right)\)

=\(4a\left(a-2b\right)+4\left(a-2b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-2b\right)\left(4a+4\right)\)

=\(4\left(a-2b\right)\left(a+1\right)\)

e,\(a^2-5a+15b-9b^2\)

=\(\left(a^2-9b^2\right)-\left(5a-15b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+3b\right)-5\left(a-3b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+3b-5\right)\)

2a²b²+2b²c²+2a²c²-a⁴-b⁴-c⁴

=4a²c²-(a⁴+b⁴+c⁴-2a²b²+2a²c²-2b²c²)

=4a²c²-(a²-b²+c²)²

=(2ac+a²-b²+c²)(2ac-a²+b²-c²)

=[(a+c)²-b²][b²-(a-c)²]

=(a+b+c)(a+c-b)(b+a-c)(b-a+c)

a) x⁴+x³+2x²+x+1=(x⁴+x³+x²)+(x²+x+1)=x²(x²+x+1)+(x²+x+1)=(x²+x+1)(x²+1)

b)a³+b³+c³-3abc=a³+3ab(a+b)+b³+c³ -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)³+c³-3ab(a+b+c)

=(a+b+c)((a+b)²-(a+b)c+c²)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a²+2ab+b²-ac-ab+c²-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²-ab-ac-bc)

c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c

a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o

đưa về như bài b

d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung

e)x²(y-z)+y²(z-x)+z²(x-y)=x²(y-z)-y²((y-z)+(x-y))+z²(x-y)

=x²(y-z)-y²(y-z)-y²(x-y)+z²(x-y)=(y-z)(x²-y²)-(x-y)(y²-z²)=(y-z)(x²-2y²+xy+xz+yz)

a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2-2a^2c^2-4b^2c^2

=(a^2-b^2-c^2)-4b^2c^2

=(a^2-b^2-c^2-2bc)(a^2-b^2-c^2+2bc)

=(a-b-c)(a+b+c)(a-b+c)(a+b-c)

a⁴+b⁴+c⁴- 2a²b²- 2b²c²- 2c²a²

= (a²-b²-c²)²

(a²+b²+c²)²

a) x⁴+x³+2x²+x+1=(x⁴+x³+x²)+(x²+x+1)=x²(x²+x+1)+(x²+x+1)=(x²+x+1)(x²+1)

b)a³+b³+c³-3abc=a³+3ab(a+b)+b³+c³ -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)³+c³-3ab(a+b+c)

=(a+b+c)((a+b)²-(a+b)c+c²)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a²+2ab+b²-ac-ab+c²-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²-ab-ac-bc)

c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c

a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o

đưa về như bài b

d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung

e)x²(y-z)+y²(z-x)+z²(x-y)=x²(y-z)-y²((y-z)+(x-y))+z²(x-y)

=x²(y-z)-y²(y-z)-y²(x-y)+z²(x-y)=(y-z)(x²-y²)-(x-y)(y²-z²)=(y-z)(x²-2y²+xy+xz+yz)

1.=[(1/2)a^2)^2-2.(1/2)a^2b+b^2
=[(1/2)a^2-b]^2
2.=2a^2+2b^2-2-a^2c+c-b^2c
=2(a^2+b^2-a)-c(a^2+b^2-1)
=(2-c)(a^2+b^2-1)