Tính tổng sau
a) \(A=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}+...+\frac{1}{3^8}+\frac{1}{3^9}\)
b) \(B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}+\frac{1}{2^n}\)
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Tính
a)
\(\frac{3}{4}.\frac{8}{9}.\frac{15}{16}.....\frac{9999}{10000}\\ =\frac{1.3}{2.2}.\frac{2.4}{3.3}.\frac{3.5}{4.4}....\frac{99.101}{100}\\ \)
\(=\left(\frac{1.2.3...99}{2.3...100}\right).\left(\frac{3.4.5...101}{2.3.4...100}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{100}.\frac{101}{2}=\frac{101}{200}\)
b)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{n^2}\\ < \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\\ \)
\(=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\\ =1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(1)A=\frac{\frac{2}{5}+\frac{2}{7}-\frac{2}{9}-\frac{2}{11}}{\frac{4}{5}+\frac{4}{7}-\frac{4}{9}-\frac{4}{11}}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{11}\right)}{4\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{11}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(2)B=\frac{1^2}{1.2}.\frac{2^2}{2.3}.\frac{3^2}{3.4}.\frac{4^2}{4.5}\)
\(=\frac{1.1}{1.2}.\frac{2.2}{2.3}.\frac{3.3}{3.4}.\frac{4.4}{4.5}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}\)
\(=\frac{1.2.3.4}{2.3.4.5}=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(3)C=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}.\frac{5^2}{4.6}\)
\(=\frac{2.2.3.3.4.4.5.5}{1.3.2.4.3.5.4.6}\)
\(=\frac{2.5}{1.6}=\frac{2.5}{1.3.2}=\frac{5}{3}\)
\(4)D=\left(\frac{150}{1111}+\frac{5}{75}-\frac{14}{77}\right)\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{30}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{150}{1111}+\frac{5}{75}-\frac{14}{77}\right)\left(\frac{6}{30}-\frac{5}{30}-\frac{1}{30}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{150}{1111}+\frac{5}{75}-\frac{14}{77}\right).0=0\)
\(5)M=8\frac{2}{7}-\left(3\frac{4}{9}+3\frac{9}{7}\right)\) \(N=\left(10\frac{2}{9}+2\frac{3}{5}\right)-6\frac{2}{9}\)
\(=\frac{58}{7}-\left(\frac{31}{9}+\frac{30}{7}\right)\) \(=\left(\frac{92}{9}+\frac{13}{5}\right)-\frac{56}{9}\)
\(=\frac{58}{7}-\left(\frac{217}{63}+\frac{270}{63}\right)\) \(=\left(\frac{460}{45}+\frac{117}{45}\right)-\frac{280}{45}\)
\(=\frac{58}{7}-\frac{487}{63}\) \(=\frac{577}{45}-\frac{280}{45}\)
\(=\frac{522}{63}-\frac{487}{63}=\frac{5}{9}\) \(=\frac{33}{5}\)
\(P=M-N\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{5}{9}-\frac{33}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{25}{45}-\frac{297}{45}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{-272}{45}\)
Vậy P = \(\frac{-272}{45}\)
\(6)E=10101\left(\frac{5}{111111}+\frac{5}{222222}-\frac{4}{3.7.11.13.37}\right)\)
\(=\frac{5}{11}+\frac{5}{22}-\left(10101.\frac{4}{111111}\right)\)
\(=\frac{10}{22}+\frac{5}{22}-\frac{4}{11}\)
\(=\frac{15}{22}-\frac{8}{22}=\frac{7}{22}\)
\(7)F=\frac{\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{13}}{\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{7}-\frac{2}{13}}.\frac{\frac{3}{4}-\frac{3}{16}-\frac{3}{256}+\frac{3}{64}}{1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1}{64}}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{13}\right)}{2\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{13}\right)}.\frac{3\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1}{256}+\frac{1}{64}\right)}{1\left(1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1}{64}\right)}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3\left(\frac{16}{64}-\frac{4}{64}+\frac{1}{64}-\frac{1}{256}\right)}{1\left(\frac{64}{64}-\frac{16}{64}+\frac{4}{64}-\frac{1}{64}\right)}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3\left(\frac{13}{64}-\frac{1}{256}\right)}{1.\frac{51}{64}}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3\left(\frac{52}{256}-\frac{1}{256}\right)}{\frac{51}{64}}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3\left(\frac{51}{256}\right)}{\frac{51}{64}}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\frac{153}{256}}{\frac{51}{64}}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{153}{256}:\frac{51}{64}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}+\frac{5}{8}\)
\(=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{5}{8}=1\)
Xin lỗi tớ đã làm hết buổi tối mà chỉ có 7 bài mong bạn thông cảm cho mình nhé !
bài 1) Đặt \(B=\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\)
Ta có: \(A=B.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(B.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left[\frac{\left(n-p\right).n}{mn}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).m}{mn}\right]=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{n^2-np+pm-m^2}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{\left(m-n\right).mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-pm-pn}{mn}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{mn}\)
Vì m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
\(=>B.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(-p\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^2}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\left(1\right)\)
\(B.\frac{m}{n-p}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).n}{np}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).p}{np}\right]=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{mn-n^2+p^2-mp}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m.\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{\left(n-p\right).np}=1+\frac{m.\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m^2-mn-mp}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m\left(n+p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m.\left(-m\right)}{np}=1+\frac{2m^2}{np}=1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\left(2\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>n+p=-m)
\(B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).m}{pm}+\frac{\left(n-p\right).p}{pm}\right]=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{m^2-mn+np-p^2}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{\left(p-m\right).pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n^2-np-mn}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n\left(p+m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n.\left(-n\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^2}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\left(3\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>p+m=-n)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra :
\(A=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}=3+\frac{2.\left(m^3+n^3+p^3\right)}{mnp}\)
*Tới đây để tính được m3+n3+p3,ta cần CM được bài toán phụ sau:
Đề: Cho m+n+p=0.CMR: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
Từ m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
Ta có: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=\left(m+n\right)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2+p^3=-p^3-3mn\left(m+n\right)+p^3\)
\(=-3mn\left(m+n\right)=-3mn.\left(-p\right)=3mnp\)
Vậy ta đã CM được bài toán phụ
*Trở lại bài toán chính: \(A=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+\frac{6mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy A=9
bài 2)
a)Nhận thấy các thừa số của A đều có dạng tổng quát sau:
\(n^3+1=n^3+1^3=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
\(n^3-1=n^3-1^3=\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
suy ra \(\frac{n^3+1}{n^3-1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}=\frac{\left(2+1\right).\left[\left(2-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(2-1\right).\left[\left(2+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{3.\left(1,5^2+0,75\right)}{1.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(\frac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}=\frac{\left(3+1\right).\left[\left(3-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(3-1\right).\left[\left(3+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{4.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}{2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
...........................
\(\frac{10^3+1}{10^3-1}=\frac{\left(10+1\right).\left[\left(10-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(10-1\right).\left[\left(10+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{9.\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(=>A=\frac{3\left(1,5^2+0,75\right).4\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)........11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{1\left(2,5^2+0,75\right).2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)........9\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}=\frac{3.4........11}{1.2......9}.\frac{1,5^2+0,75}{10,5^2+0,75}\)
\(=\frac{10.11}{2}.\frac{1}{37}=\frac{2036}{37}\)
Vậy A=2036/37
b) có thể ở chỗ 1+1/4 bn nhầm,phải là \(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\) ,mà chắc cũng chẳng sao,vì 14=1 mà
Nhận thấy các thừa số của B có dạng tổng quát:
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=n^4+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2\right)^2+2.n^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}-n\right)\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}+n\right)\)
\(B=\frac{\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}+3\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}-3\right)..........\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}-9\right).\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}+9\right)}{\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}-2\right).\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}+2\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}-4\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}+4\right)......\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}-10\right).\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10\right)}\)
Mặt khác,ta cũng có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+2a+1-a-1+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+a+\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(B=\frac{1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1}{10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10}=\frac{1}{221}\)
Vậy B=1/221
\(A=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}+...+\frac{1}{3^8}+\frac{1}{3^9}\)
\(3A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^7}+\frac{1}{3^8}\)
\(3A-A=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^9}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{3}.\left(1-\frac{1}{3^8}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{6}.\left(1-\frac{1}{3^8}\right)\)
\(B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}+\frac{1}{2^n}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}B=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^n}+\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}\)
\(B-\frac{1}{2}B=1-\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}B=1-\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}\)
\(B=2-\frac{2}{2^n.2}=2-\frac{1}{2^n}\)