Trộn 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,1M với 300 ml dung dịch HCl 0,2M thu được dung dịch A.
a. Tính nồng độ các ion trong dung dịch A.
b. Tính pH của dung dịch A.
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a, \(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,3.0,4=0,12\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum n_{H^+}=0,02+0,04=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,06__0,06 (mol)
⇒ nOH- dư = 0,12 - 0,06 = 0,06 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{0,1+0,3}=0,3\left(M\right)\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,1+0,3}=0,15\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, pH = 14 - (-log[OH-]) ≃ 13,176
a, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,15=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H^+}=0,02+0,06=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)=n_{Ba^{2+}}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,03___0,03 (mol) ⇒ nH+ dư = 0,05 (mol)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)
0,015___0,015______0,015 (mol) ⇒ nSO42- dư = 0,015 (mol)
⇒ m = mBaSO4 = 0,015.233 = 3,495 (g)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2+0,3}=0,04\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2+0,3}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,2+0,3}=0,03\left(M\right)\)
b, pH = -log[H+] = 1
a, \(n_{NaOH}=0,15.0,2=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(n_{KOH}=0,15.0,2=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{K^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
⇒ ΣnOH- = 0,03 + 0,03 = 0,06 (mol)
\(n_{HCl}=0,25.0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,06____0,06 (mol) ⇒ nH+ dư = 0,1 - 0,06 = 0,04 (mol)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{0,15+0,25}=0,075\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,04}{0,15+0,25}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15+0,25}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
b, pH = -log[H+] = 1
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,1=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.0,15=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(đề\right)}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl\left(đề\right)}}{n_{HCl\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{2}\\ \Rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{0,03}{2}=0,015\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,03-0,015=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=2.\left[Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,3+0,2}=0,03\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left[0,03\right]\approx12,477\)
Nồng độ mol/lít các ion trong dd A:
\(\left[OH^-\left(dư\right)\right]=0,06\left(M\right)\left(nt\right)\\\left[Cl^-\right]=2.\left[BaCl_2\right]=2.\left(\dfrac{0,015}{0,5}\right)=0,06\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=0,03+ 0,03=0,06\left(M\right)\)
a, \(n_{H^+}=0,025.0,2=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,01.2.0,3=0,006\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-dư}=0,001\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]_{dư}=\dfrac{0,001}{1}=10^{-3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-11}\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=11\)
b, \(n_{Fe^{2+}}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,02.0,1=0,002\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,01.0,3=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4\downarrow}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,002\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow}=n_{OH^-dư}=0,001\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=0,002.233+0,001.90=0,556\left(g\right)\)
nH+=0,04 mol nOH-=0,03 mol
H+ + OH- --------> H20
0,04 0,03
0,03 0,03 0,03
0,01
a/ [H+] du=0,01/0,2=0,05 M
[SO42-]=0,01/0,2=0,05 M
[K+]=0,01/0,2=0,05 M
[Ba2+]=0,01/0,2=0,05M
b/ nH+ du=0,01/0,2=0,05 M
pH=-log(0,05)=1,3
c/ khoi luong chat ran thu duoc sau phan ung la
mcr= mSO42- + mK+ + mBa2+
=0,01.96+0,01.39+0,01.137
=2,72g
ta có : \(\Sigma n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Sigma n_{OH^-}=n_{KOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,01\left(mol\right)\) ; \(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT : \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,03 0,03 0,03 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}dư=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
đến đây tự tính đc nha. dùng ct \(CM=\dfrac{n}{V}\)
b, \(PH=-log[H^+]=-log\left(\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}\right)\simeq1,3\)
c, \(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,01 0,01 0,01 (mol)\(mcr=m\downarrow+m_{K^+}=m_{BaSO_4}+m_{K+}=\left(0,01\times233\right)+\left(0,01\times39\right)=2,72\left(g\right)\)
a) trong 100 ml dung dịch HCl và H2SO4
CM[H+]=[Cl-]=0,02 M
[SO4 2-]=0,01M
[H+] =2.0,01=0,02 M
trong 100ml dung dịch KOH và Ba(OH)2
[K+]=[OH-]=0,01M
[Ba2+]=0,01M
[OH-]=0,02M
b)n(H+)=0,02+0,02=0,04mol
n(OH-)=0,01+0,02=0,03mol
khi trộn : H+ + OH- =>H2O
0,03<--0,03
=> nH+ dư=0,01mol
=> [H+]=0,05M
=> pH=-lg(0,05)=1,3
nH+=0,06 mol nOH-=0,02 mol
H+ + OH- ---> H2O
0,06 0,02
0,02 0,02 0,02
0,04
[H+] du=0,04/0,5=0,08 M
[Na+]=0,02/0,5=0,04M
[Cl-]=0,06/0,5=0,12M
pH= -log(0,08)=1,09