\(1/\\ Fe+2HCl \to FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl \to MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=5.0,1=0,5(mol)\\ n_{Fe}=a(mol)\\ n_{Mg}=b(Mol)\\ m_{hh}=56a+24b=9,2(1)\\ n_{HCl}=2a+2b=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\\ a=0,1\\ b=0,15\\ \%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,1.56}{9,2}.100=60,86\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100-60,86=39,13\%\)

Bài 2 : 

Gọi $n_{Al} =a (mol) ; n_{Ba} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 137b = 16,4(1)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$Ba + H_2SO_4 \to BaSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = 1,5a + b = 0,15.1,667 = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1

$n_{BaSO_4} = b = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,1.233 = 23,3(gam)$

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+56b=11\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,4\cdot2=0,8\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot133,5+0,1\cdot127=39,4\left(g\right)\)

c) Bảo toàn electron: \(3\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,1=2n_{SO_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,45\cdot22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)

a) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y

Có 27x + 56y = 11 (1)

Bảo toàn e

3x + 2y = 2.0,4 (2)

Từ 1 và 2 => x = 0,2, y = 0,1

\(\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\)

\(\%mFe=100-49,09=50,91\%\)

b) BTKL: 

m muối = mkim loại + mHCl - mH2

= 11 + 0,4.2.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 39,4g

c) 

Bảo toàn e

Al => Al⁺³ + 3e                                  S⁺⁶ + 2e => S⁺⁴

0,2               0,6                                             2x          x

Fe => Fe⁺³ + 3e

0,1                  0,3

=> 2x = 0,6 + 0,3 => x = 0,45 mol

=> VSO₂ = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 lít

Gọi $n_{Mg} = n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)$

Ta có : 

$24a + 27a + 56b = 15,8(1)$

$n_{HCl} > 2n_{H_2}$ nên HCl dư

Ta có : 

$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5a + b = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1

$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{15,8}.100\% = 34,18\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{15,8}.100\% = 30,38\%$

$\%m_{Fe} = 35,44\%$

$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{H_2} = 1,2(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{muối} = 15,8 + 1,2.36,5 - 0,6.2 = 58,4(gam)$

a) Gọi `n_{CuO} = a (mol); n_{ZnO} = b (mol)`

`=> 80a + 81b = 12,1(1)`

`n_{HCl} = 3.0,1 = 0,3 (mol)`

PTHH:
`CuO + 2HCl -> CuCl_2 + H_2O`

`ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2O`

Theo PT: `n_{HCl} = 2n_{ZnO} + 2n_{CuO}`

`=> 2a + 2b = 0,3 (2)`

Từ `(1), (2) => a = 0,05; b = 0,1`

`=> \%m_{CuO} = (0,05.80)/(12,1) .100\% = 33,06\%`

`=> \%m_{ZnO} = 100\% - 33,06\% = 66,94\%`

b) PTHH:
`CuO + H_2SO_4 -> CuSO_4 + H_2O`

`ZnO + H_2SO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + H_2O`

Theo PT: `n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{CuO} + n_{ZnO} = 0,15 (mol)`

`=> m_{ddH_2SO_4} = (0,15.98)/(20\%) = 73,5 (g)`

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{13,644}{22,4}=0,61\left(mol\right)\)

Đặt n _Fe = x (mol) =>\(m_{Fe}=56x\)

Vì m _Fe = m_Mg => \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{56x}{24}=\dfrac{7}{3}x\)

n_Al = y(mol)

=> 56x + 56x + 27y = 16,14 (1)

\(Fe\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+3e\)                                       \(S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}\)

\(Mg\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2e\)

\(Al\rightarrow Al^{3+}+3e\)

Bảo toàn e : 3x + \(\dfrac{7}{3}.2x\) + 3y = 0,61.2 (2)

Từ (1), (2) => x=0,12 ; y=0,1

=> m_Fe =m_Mg=0,12.56 = 6,72(g)

m _Al = 0,1.27=2,7(g)

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a ; n_{Mg} = b; n_{Al} = c$

Ta có : 

$24b = 56a(1)$
$56a + 24b + 27c = 16,14(2)$

$n_{SO_2} = 0,61(mol)$
Bảo toàn electron : $3n_{Fe} + 2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Al} = 2n_{SO_2}$
$\Rightarrow 3a + 2b + 3c = 0,61.2(3)$

Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,12 ; b = 0,28 ; c = 0,1

$m_{Fe} = m_{Mg} = 0,12.56 = 6,72(gam)$

$m_{Al} = 0,1.27 = 2,7(gam)$

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b

\(m_{Cu}=m_B=6,4\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=17,4-6,4=11\left(g\right)\)

=> 27a + 56b = 11

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂ 

            b----------------------->b

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             a------------------------>1,5a

=> 1,5a + b = 0,4

=> a = 0,2; b = 0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

n Al = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 20,65(1)

2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

a...........1,5a............0,5a............1.5a..(mol)

Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2

b...........b..............b............b......(mol)

=> n H2 = 1,5a + b = 0,725(2)

Từ 1,2 suy ra a = 0,35 ; b = 0,2

Suy ra :

%m Al = 0,35.27/20,65  .100% = 45,76%
%m Fe = 100% -45,76% = 54,24%

m H2SO4 = (1,5a + b).98 = 71,05 gam

m muối = m kim loại + m H2SO4 -m H2 = 20,65 + 71,05 -0,725.2 = 90,25 gam

\(n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) ; n_{Mg} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 65a + 27b + 24c = 44,1(1)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3 H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{31,36}{22,4} = 1,4(2)\\ Mà : 2a = 3b(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,8\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,3.65}{44,1}.100\% = 44,22\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{44,1}.100\% = 12,24\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -44,22\% -12,24\% = 43,54\%\)