Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử bằng phương pháp nhóm hạng tử:
p) 𝑥3 − 3𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 1 + 2(𝑥2 − 𝑥)
r) 𝑥(𝑦2 − 𝑧2 ) + 𝑦(𝑧2 − 𝑥2 ) + 𝑧(𝑥2 − 𝑦2 )
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a) \(=x\left(x-19\right)\)
b) \(=\left(x-y-10\right)\left(x-y+10\right)\)
c) \(=\left(z-5\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
d) \(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(1,\\ a,=x^3-5x\\ b,=3x^3y-6x^3y^2+9xy\\ c,=6x^2-6x-36\\ d,=x^3+2x^2y-3xy^2\\ 2,\\ a,=4x^2-25\\ b,=x^2-6x+9\\ c,=9x^2+24x+16\\ d,=x^3-6x^2y+12xy^2-8y^3\\ e,=125x^3+225x^2y+135xy^2+27y^3\\ f,=125-x^3\)
\(g,=8y^3+x^3\\ 3,\\ a,=x\left(x+2\right)\\ b,=\left(x-3\right)^2\\ c,=\left(x-y\right)\left(y+5\right)\\ d,=2x\left(y+1\right)-y\left(y+1\right)=\left(2x-y\right)\left(y+1\right)\\ e,=6x^2y^2\left(xy^2+2y-3x\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x^2-8x+7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(x^2+x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(3x^2+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+6x-2x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x+2\right)-2\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Ta có: \(3x^2-4x-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-7x+3x-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-7\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{3}\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
e) Ta có: \(5x^2-16x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-15x-x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f) Ta có: \(x^2+3x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-2x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
\(x^2-8x+7=0\text{⇔}\text{⇔}x^2-7x-x-7=\left(x-7\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\text{⇔}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của đa thức : \(S=\left\{1;7\right\}\)
c)
\(3x^2+4x-4=0\text{⇔}3x^2+6x-2x-4=\left(3x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\text{⇔}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của đa thức : \(S=\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};-2\right\}\)
b)
\(x^2+x-20=0⇔\left(x-4\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\text{⇔}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
d)
\(3x^2-4x-7=0\text{⇔}\left(3x-7\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\text{⇔}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
e)
\(5x^2-16x+3\text{⇔}\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)=0\text{⇔}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f)
\(x^2+3x-10=0\text{⇔}\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\text{⇔}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\)
\(7,\\ a,A=x^2-4x+3+11=\left(x-2\right)^2+10\ge10\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow x=2\\ b,B=-\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+6=-\left(2x-1\right)^2+6\le6\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ c,x-y=2\Leftrightarrow x=y+2\\ \Leftrightarrow B=y^2-3x^2=y^2-3\left(y+2\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow B=y^2-3y^2-12y-12=-4y^2-12y-12\\ \Leftrightarrow B=-\left(4y^2+12y+9\right)-3=-\left(2y+3\right)^2-3\le-3\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(8,\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+5x+a=\left(x-2\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=2\Leftrightarrow8-12+10+a=0\Leftrightarrow a=-6\)
Bài 7:
a.
$A=(x-1)(x-3)+11=x^2-4x+3+11=x^2-4x+14$
$=(x^2-4x+4)+10=(x-2)^2+10\geq 10$
Vậy gtnn của $A$ là $10$ khi $x=2$
b.
$B=5-4x^2+4x=6-(4x^2-4x+1)=6-(2x-1)^2\leq 6$
Vậy gtln của $B$ là $6$ khi $2x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}$
c.
$x-y=2\Rightarrow x=y+2$. Khi đó:
$B=y^2-3x^2=y^2-3(y+2)^2=y^2-(3y^2+12y+12)=-2y^2-12y-12$
$=6-2(y^2+6y+9)=6-2(y+3)^2\leq 6$
Vậy $B_{\max}=6$
Bài 8:
Đặt $f(x)=x^3-3x^2+5x+a$
Theo định lý Bê-du, để $f(x)\vdots x-2$ thì $f(2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 6+a=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a=-6$
p) \(x^3-3x^2+3x-1+2\left(x^2-x\right)\\ =\left(x^3-1\right)-\left(3x^2-3x\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1-3x+2x\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
p:Ta có: \(x^3-3x^2+3x-1+2\left(x^2-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^3+2x\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+1+2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)