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Gọi CTHH của oxit KL là A₂O_n.

PT: \(A_2O_n+nH_2SO_4\rightarrow A_2\left(SO_4\right)_n+nH_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{4,8}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n.n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{4,8n}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,8n}{2M_A+16n}.98=\dfrac{470,4n}{2M_A+16n}\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{470,4n}{2M_A+16n}}{10\%}=\dfrac{4704n}{2M_A+16}\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd sau pư} = \(4,8+\dfrac{4704n}{2M_A+16}\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{A_2\left(SO_4\right)_n}=n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{4,8}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{A_2\left(SO_4\right)_n}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4,8.\left(2M_A+96n\right)}{2M_A+16}}{4,8+\dfrac{4704n}{2M_A+16n}}.100\%=12,9\%\)

\(\Rightarrow M_A\approx18,65m\)

Với m = 3, M_A = 56 (g/mol) là thỏa mãn.

→ A là Fe.

Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{160}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi CTHH của muối P là Fe₂(SO₄)₃.nH₂O.

Có: H = 80% ⇒ n_P = 0,03.80% = 0,024 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow M_P=\dfrac{13,488}{0,024}=562\left(g/mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow400+18n=562\Rightarrow n=9\)

Vậy: CTHH của P là Fe₂(SO₄)₃.9H₂O

PT: \(MO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MSO_4+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{MO}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MSO_4}=n_{MO}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}.98=\dfrac{980}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{980}{M_M+16}}{24,5\%}=\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd A} = \(10+\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MSO_4}=\dfrac{\left(M_M+96\right).\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}}{10+\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}}.100\%=33,33\%\)

\(\Rightarrow M_M=64\left(g/mol\right)\)

Vậy: M là Cu.

Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{10}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}\)

m _{dd A} = 60 (g) ⇒ m _{dd B} = 60 - 15,625 = 44,375 (g)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{44,375.\dfrac{1600}{71}\%}{160}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT Cu, có: \(n_{CuSO_4.nH_2O\left(C\right)}=0,125-0,0625=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_C=\dfrac{15,625}{0,0625}=250\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{250-160}{18}=5\)

Vậy: C là CuSO₄.5H₂O

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{10,8}{24}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

         0,45-->0,45------>0,45--->0,45

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.98=44,1\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{44,1.100}{20}=220,5\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd (20^oC)} = 10,8 + 220,5 - 0,45.2 - 14,76 = 215,64 (g)

\(m_{MgSO_4\left(dd.ở.20^oC\right)}=\dfrac{215,64.21,703}{100}=46,8\left(g\right)\)

=> n_{MgSO4 (tách ra)} = \(0,45-\dfrac{46,8}{120}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_{H2O (tách ra)} = \(\dfrac{14,76-0,06.120}{18}=0,42\left(mol\right)\)

Xét n_{MgSO4 (tách ra)} : n_{H2O (tách ra)} = 0,06 : 0,42 = 1 : 7

=> CTHH: MgSO₄.7H₂O

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