nH2=2.24/22.4=0.1 mol

pt: Mg+2HCL->MgCl2+H2

nMg=nH2=0.1 mol

mMg=0.1*24=2.4g

=>mMg=6-2.4=3.6g

%mMg=(3.6/6)*100=60%

chỗ mMg=0,1*24:22,4=2,57g

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

             \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)

b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)

\(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Mg:x\left(mol\right)\\Al:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)→ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=6,3\\x+1,5y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)→ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy :

\(\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{6,3}.100\% = 57,14\%\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot24}{16}=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=\dfrac{16\cdot25\%}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{MgO}=1,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2\cdot36,5}{20\%}=219\left(g\right)\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,5\cdot2=1\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,6\cdot95=57\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hhA}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=234\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{57}{234}\cdot100\%\approx24,36\%\)

Cho mình hỏi ở cái PTHH ấy! sao ta không tính số mol ở dưới??

Câu 5 : 

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

            1           2             1           1

           0,1       0,2           0,1         0,1

         \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)

             1           2              1             1

           0,15       0,3          0,15

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgO}=8,4-2,4=6\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{2,4.100}{8,4}=28,57\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀MgO = \(\dfrac{6.100}{8,4}=71,43\)⁰/₀

b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{3,65}=500\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,15=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,15.95=14,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=8,4+500-\left(0,1.2\right)=508,2\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{14,25.100}{508,2}=2,8\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

KL của MgCl2 bạn tính sai r .phải là   0,25.95=23,75

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)