Ví dụ 5 :

n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)

n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)

$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$

n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)

=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)

=> [H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 3  :

n NaOH = 0,01.0,001V(mol)

n HCl = 0,03.0,001V(mol)

$HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + H_2O$

n HCl dư = 0,03.0,001V - 0,01.0,001V = 0,02.0,001V(mol)

Suy ra : 

[H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,02.0,001V/0,002V = 0,01(M)

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

\(n_{H^+}=\left[H^+\right].V=10^{-1}.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-}=0,1a\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-\text{ dư}}=\left[OH^-\right].V=10^{-2}.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,002\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: 

\(n_{OH^-}-n_{OH^-\text{ dư}}=n_{H^+}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,1a-0,002=0,01\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0,12\)

\([H^{+}]=0,1M\\ \Rightarrow n_{H^{+}}=0,1.0,1=0,01(mol)\\ pH=12 \to pOH=14-12=2\\ \Rightarrow [OH^{-}]=0,01\\ \Rightarrow n_{OH^{-}}=0,002(mol)\\ H^{+} +OH^{-} \to H_2O\\ n_{NaOH}=0,01+0,002=0,012(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a=0,12M\)

Câu 1:

PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,6\cdot0,4+0,6\cdot0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot2,6=0,52\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\) H⁺ hết, OH^- còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,6+0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=14+log\left(0,1\right)=13\)

Bài 2:

PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,3\cdot1,6=0,48\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot1\cdot2+0,2\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\) OH^- hết, H⁺ còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,32}{0,2+0,3}=0,64\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,64\right)\approx0,19\)

DD HCl + H₂SO_4: pH=1=>[H⁺]=0,1M => n_H+=0,1*0,1=0,01mol

DD NaOH: n_OH^-=a*0,1 mol

pH sau pứ =12=> môi trường bazo => [OH- dư]=10^-2 M=0,01M

=> n_{OH^- dư}=0,01*0,2=n_OH^--n_H⁺

<=>0,002=a*0,1-0,01 => Giải ra a=...

\(n_{KOH}=0,03mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,027mol\)

        \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)

bđ      0,3      0,027    0

pư      0,027  0,027   0,027

kt        0,273    0        0,027

\(\left[OH\right]^-_{dư}=\dfrac{0.273}{0,15+0,15}=0,91\)

\(\Rightarrow pH_A=-log\left(\dfrac{10^{-14}}{0,91}\right)=13,96\)

2

b

mNaCl=\(\dfrac{200.15}{100}\)=30(g)

nNaCl=\(\dfrac{30}{58,5}\)=0.51(mol)

VddNaCl=\(\dfrac{200}{1,1}\)=181.8(ml)=0.1818(l)

CMNaCl=\(\dfrac{0,51}{0,1818}\)=2.8(M)

\(pH=10\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-10}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-4}\)

\(n_{OH^-}=10^{-4}.0,1=10^{-5}\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H^+}=0,1.2.0,01=0,003\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+dư}=2,99.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{2,99.10^{-3}}{0,2}=0,01495M\)

\(\Rightarrow pH\approx1,83\)