II. Read the text and answer the questions.

Teenagers today are undergoing lots of changes. They are between the ages of 13 to 19. Many of them are undergoing physical and emotional changes. These are the stages in the teenagers that are unavoidable.

The teenage life is full of happiness, sadness, enjoyment and it can be interesting too. This is because in the teenage life that a teenager is subjected to physical growth, hormonal changes and even dilemmas. They may be in a stage of conflict like undergoing puppy love. This is only a normal part of life.

Making friends is part and parcel of a teenager's life. The teenager should enjoy life by making friends with peers and participate in healthy activities such as camping, picnic, kayaking, swimming and so on. Through friends, a teenager learns to joke, laugh and play to release stress and tension. By making friends, the teenager learns to sweeten his or her joys and even eases the bitterness of life's downtime.

Many teenagers are very conscious of their physical outlook. It is at this part of their life that beauty strikes as the main self-image. They love to follow up with the latest trends for dressing, hairstyle and even look good with their physical image. Some girls and boys go on a crash diet to slim down in order to look attractive. Others may suffer from acne and pimples that may scar their external beauty.

Another stage in a teenager is the teenager's love life. There are chemical changes in the body and so the teenager tends to have a sense of feelings for the opposite sex. They will experience love and rejection. These sometimes will affect their studies.

Parents tend to play a role in a teenager's life. Parents today are overly concern over their children's well-being. They like to control their freedom and have a say what the teenagers do. Hence, we have cases of disagreements, disputes, quarrels and even runaways from homes among some teenage girls.

There are also negative problems that may pop out during a teenage life. A teenager is not well guided may fall into the wrong path. Some teenagers are involved in drugs trafflicking, smoking, drinking and smuggling of illegal products into the country. Others tend to vent their anger by vandalizing public property. We have those with no regard and respect for the elders.

The mass media has an influence over the lives of many teenagers. Violent action movies, obscene shows and pornography surfed from the Internet can bring a disastrous effect on a teenager's life. There will be more harm than good if nothing is done.

1.         From paragraph 1

(a) What is the age range of a teenager?

(b) What are the changes that a teenager undergoes?

2.         From paragraph 2

(a) Why is it that a teenage life is full of ups and downs?

(b) What kind of conflict does a teenage face?

3.         From paragraph 3

            List activities that a teenager can get involved in.

4.         From paragraph 4

            What are the things that a teenager likes to keep up to date with?

5.         From paragraph 8

            State why parents are worried about their teenagers. Answer in your own words.

Read the text and answer the questions:
In the past few decades, the countryside has experienced lots of changes. Because of population growth, more products are needed. Therefore, more factories have been constructed, and young people have more choice of jobs apart from becoming farmers. When big cities have become more and more polluted, the fresher atmosphere in the countryside attracts more people. Rich people who live in the city for their work often buy a second home in the countryside to spend their weekend and holiday. As a result, the countryside is no longer a small community of rural people. In fact, in many parts of the countryside, there are urban people from nearby cities. Additionally, the introduction of the internet creates more opportunities for increasing rural people's knowledge. Many farmers have used machines for tasks that used to be done by hand, which helps them save labour. In the near future, it is expected that the countryside will gradually become more similar to big cities.
1.   Are there a lot of changes in the countryside?________________________________________

2. Do young people in the countryside have only one choice of becoming farmers?________________________________________

3. What is the thing in the countryside that attracts more people ?_________________________________________

4.   How do farmer save labour?_________________________________________

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The changes in a person’s physical and emotional state caused by drinking alcohol are known as intoxication.

A. drunkenness

B. poison 

C. sleepiness 

D. excitement

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The changes in a person’s physical and emotional state caused by drinking alcohol are known as intoxication

A. drunkenness

B. poison

C. sleepiness

D. excitement

Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each of the following questions.

Passage 1:

            Every year people in many countries learn English. Some of them are young children. Others are teenagers. Many are adults. Some learn at school. Others study by themselves. A few learn English just by hearing the language in films on TV, in the office or among their friends. Most people must work hard to learn English.

            Why do all these people learn English? It’s not difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. Many adults learn English because it is useful for their work. Teenagers often learn English for their higher studies because some of their books are in English at college or university. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.

1. What does the word “them” in paragraph1 refer to??

A. children                B. teenagers               C. adults                     D. people      

2. Which of the following methods of learning English is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. studying by themselves                          B. studying abroad  

C. hearing the language in film or on TV D. learning at school

3. Where do many boys and girls learn English?

            A. at school                                                   B. at home

            C. in the office                                              D.in the evening classes

4. Why do school children learn English?

           A. It’s useful for their work.                        B. It helps them to read English books

           C. It’s one of their subjects                          D. It enables them to listen to English songs

5. Why  is English necessary for higher education?

A. Some books are in English at college or University  

B. English is used in newspapers or magazines.

C. Some people want to travel to England                            

D. English is taught at college or university.

Passage 2:

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2000 years ago.

             A piece of paper is really made up of tiny fibers, unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resin may add weight and texture.

            Where do these fibers come from ? The majority of paper is made from the plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may also be made from things like old rags or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper, paper that has been made and used, can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forest, energy and reduces air and water pollution.

1. According to the passage, the paper that we use was first invented by

            A.  the Chinese            B.  the Egyptians           C.  ancient cultures        D.  foresters

2.  What is the main ingredient in most paper ?                                                                  

            A.  resin                        B.  cardboard                C.  plant fiber                 D.  papyrus

3.  According to the passage, the primary source of the plant fiber used in paper is

            A.  rags                         B.  trees                         C.  fabric                        D.  wastepaper

4.  According to the passage, recycling paper is

            A.  bad for the environment                                C.  good for the environment

            B.  wasteful                                                         D.  economical                                                      

5.  According to the passage, recycling paper does all of the following EXCEPT

            A.  reduce the need for ink                                 C.  save energy

            B.  save forests                                                    D.  reduce air pollution

Passage 3:

Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio in 1847. His family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, when he was seven years old. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months. His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age.

            Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Although the electric light was the most useful, it was not his only invention. He also invented the record player, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new. He worked 16 out of every 24 hours.Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.

             Thomas Edison died in 1931, in West Orange, New Jersey. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.

 1.    Thomas Edison was ______.

A.  a discoverer        B. a teacher               C. an explorer           D. an inventor

 2.   In 1854 Edison’s family ______.

A.  moved to Port Huron, Michigan                      B. bought a new house in Milan, Ohio

C.  decided to settle in Milan, Ohio                       D. sent him to a school in New Jersey

 3.   The word “self-educated” in the passage mostly means ______.

A.  “having been well taught”                              B. “having had good schooling”

C.  “having taught himself”                                D. “having had a high education”

 4.   Edison died at the age of ______.

A.  76                                      B. 84                           C. 47                           D. 74

 5.   Which of following statements is NOT true about Edison?

A.  He invented the motion picture camera.        B. He didn’t go to school at all.

C.  He made numerous inventions.                        D. He worked very hard.

Passage 4:

      Along with jogging and swimming, cycling is one of the best all-round forms of exercise. It can help to increase your strength and energy, giving you more efficient muscles and a stronger heart. But increasing your strength is not the only advantage of cycling. Because you’re not carrying the weight of your body on your feet, it’s a good form of exercise for people with painful feet or backs. However, with all forms of exercise it’s important to start slowly and build up gently. Doing too much too quickly can damage muscles that aren’t used to working. If you have any doubts about taking up cycling for health reasons, talk to your doctor and ask for his/her advice.

Ideally you should be cycling at least two or three times a week. For the exercise to be doing you good, you should get a little out of breath. Don’t worry that if you begin to lose your breath, it could be dangerous and there must be something wrong with your heart. This is simply not true; shortness of breath shows that the exercise is having the right effect. However, if you find you are in pain then you should stop and take a rest.

1. People with back problems might go cycling because__________.

A. it enables them to carry the weight of their body on their feet  

B. it does not make them carry the weight of their body on their feet    

C. it helps to make their backs become stronger

D. it helps them to relieve their backache

2. All forms of exercise must be started__________.

            A. gradually                  B. quickly                           C. strenuously                 D. violently

3. According to the writer, it is best to go cycling__________.

            A. once a week                                                        

            B. at least two or three times a week

            C. at least two or three times a day                       

            D. every day

4. You should not worry about the shortness of breath because__________.

A. it shows that there is something wrong with your heart         

B. it shows that you should stop and take a rest   
C. it is a sign of exercise having the right effect

D. it is a sign of your getting rid of your heart problem

5. Which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of cycling?

A. Giving you a stronger heart                                                                        

B. Increasing you strength and energy

C. Giving you better muscles                                                                          

D. Making you look younger

Passage 5:

Music influences people in different ways or the same person differ­ently at different times. Music may seem to influence people differently. That is because people can react differently to the music. We are able to apply a choosing process to the music we hear. If someone hates jazz, then a jazz piece with a positive effect will probably not make him feel good. A happy song might appear to make an angry person angrier, yet it is not the music itself that is creating the anger; rather it is the positive effect of the music. The angry person does not want to accept the song's happy feeling: it points out his already existing anger, and makes that anger come to the surface. When a piece of music is played and we are listening to it, our body, mind, and feelings are being affected. The musi­cians of ancient cultures such as China, India, Turkey and Greece under­stood the effects of music. In fact, Pathagoras, in ancient Greece, intro­duced a whole science that concerned them. Because the musicians of these ancient cultures understood these effects, they created music that was positive, uplifting, and beneficial. Once the effects of music are better understood, the next step is to gain a better understanding of the music around us, and what effect it is actually having.

1.  The text is about_____.                        

A. The science of music                                                     

B. Understanding music

C. The effects of music on human feelings                                  

D. Music and an angry person

2.  Music_____.

A. cannot be chosen                                    B. affects everybody in the same way     

            C. affects us in different ways                    D. never makes us angry

3.  According to the text, _____.  

            A. Everybody likes jazz                             

            B.  Jazz always makes us feel better                    

C. No one likes jazz                                    

D.  A very angry person sometimes do not accept music

4.  In ancient cultures, there used to be a science that concerned the effects of music in_____.

A. China                                             B. India                                 

C. Turkey                                           D. Greece

5.  The word "Once" has a close meaning to_____.      

A. on time                    B. when              C. because                       D. if

Passage 6:

            London, which is the capital city of Britain, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. It has a population of about 7 million. Situated on the River Thames, the city covers an area of 160 square kilometers. London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as Big Ben, and St. Paul’s Cathedral. They also come to visit its theatres, its museums and its many shops. The most famous shop is Harrods, where you can buy almost anything.  The best thing about London is the parks. There are five of them in the city center. They cover a large area of the city, and are ideal places for people to get away from the noisy and busy city life, and relax.

1. When was London founded?

A. in 43 AD                           B. by the Romans     C. 7 million               D. the capital

2. What does the word “its” in line 4 refers to?

A. River Thames’                 B. Britain’s                C. Big Ben’s              D. London’s 

3. Approximately, how many inhabitants are there in London?

A. seventeen million                        B. seven million       C. six million            D. five million

4. How many parks are there in the city center of London?

A. There are three parks                                          B. There are four parks      

C. There are five parks                                            D. There are six parks

5. What cover a large area of the city and are ideal places for people to relax?

A. St. Paul’s Catherdral       B. Harrods                 C. Big Ben                 D. the parks

Passage 7:

     Solar energy is a long lasting source of energy which can be used almost anywhere. To generate solar energy, we only need solar cells and the sun! Solar cells can easily be installed on house roofs, so no new space is needed and each user can quietly generate their own energy. Compared to other renewable sources, they also possess many advantages. Wind and water power rely on turbines which are noisy, expensive and easy to break down. Solar cells are totally silent and non-polluting. As they have no moving parts, they require little maintenance and have a long lifetime.

      However, solar energy also has some disadvantages. We can only generate solar energy during daytime because the system depends on sunlight. Besides, solar cells require large area to work effectively. The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it costs about twice as much as traditional sources such as coal, oil, and gas. This is because solar cells are expensive. Scientists are hoping that the costs of solar cells will reduce as more and more people see the advantages of this environmentally friendly source of energy.

1. What does the passage primarily discuss?

A. Advantages and disadvantages of solar energy.

B. Solar energy’s advantages over other sources of energy.

C. The cost of solar energy.                                     

D. Solar energy as an alternative for fossil fuels.

2. What does the word they in line 4 refer to?

A. solar energy users.                                          B. other renewable resources.     

C. advantages.                                                      D. solar cells.

3. What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of solar cells?

A. They require little maintenance.                B. They are non-polluting.

C. They cost little to produce.                          D. They operate quietly.

4. Which of the following is NOT a traditional source of energy?

A. solar energy            B. oil                             C. coal                           D. gas

5. Which of the following is the main disadvantage of solar energy mentioned in the passage?

A. It is expensive.                                              B. Solar cells require large areas to operate.

C. It is unfriendly to the environment.           D. It depends on sunlight.

Passage 8:

When you enter the supermarkets, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles between the shelves. You push a shopping cart and put your food in it.

            You probably hear soft, slow music as you walk along the aisles. If you hear fast music, you walk quickly. The supermarket plays slow music, you walk slowly and have more time to buy things.

            Maybe you go to the meat department first. There is some meat on sale, and you want to find it. The manager of the supermarket knows where customers enter the meat department. The cheaper meat is at the other end of the meat department, away from where the customers enter. You have to walk by all the expensive meat before you find the cheaper meat. Maybe you will buy some of the expensive meat instead of the meat on sale.

            The dairy department sells milk and milk products such as butter and cheese. Many customers like milk that has only little butterfat in it. One store has three different containers of low fat milk. One says ‘1% fat’ on the container. The second says ‘99 percent (99%) fat free’. The third says ‘Low fat’ in big letters and 1% in small letters. As you can see, all the milk has the same amount of fat. The milk is all the same. The amount of milk in each container is also the same. However, in this store they cost three different amounts of money. Maybe the customers will buy the milk that costs the most.

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

          A. How different kinds of food are arranged in supermarkets.

          B. Soft, slow music makes people buy more in supermarkets.

          C. The supermarket is designed to make you buy things.

          D. Be sure not to be deceived in supermarkets

2. The manager knows __________.  

          A. which customers like low fat milk                                

          B. which customers like slow music

          C. where customers enter the meat department    

          D. where customers come from      

3. When you walk by the expensive meat __________ .

          A. maybe you will buy some                                    

          B. maybe you will buy low fat milk

          C. you will look for fresh food                                                        

          D. you will walk on the shelves

4. The word “they” in the last paragraph means ______.

          A. the customers                                                         B. the managers of the supermarket                     C. the containers of low fat milk                                D. the food in the supermarket

5. There are three different containers of low fat milk.

          A. One has 99 percent of butterfat.           

          B. They all cost the same amount of money.

          C. One has less fat than the others.

          D. They all have the same amount of fat.

Dịch văn bản sau sang Tiếng Việt:

We live in a dynamic world, and habitats are always undergoing changes at all sorts of levels. However, natural changes usually occur at a slow pace so that impacts on individual species tend to be slight - at least in the short term
When the pace of change is greatly accelerated, there may be no time for individual species to react to new circumstances, and the effects can be disastrous. Briefly, this is the reason that rapid habitat loss is regarded as the chief cause of species endangerment, and there is no force more powerful in this regard than human beings. To some extent, every part of the earth has been affected by human activities, especially during this past century. This applies on virtually every scale, from the loss of microbes in soils that once supported tropical forests, to the extinction of fish and other aquatic species in polluted freshwater habitats, to changes in global climate caused by the release of greenhouse gases. From the perspective of an individual human lifetime, such changes may be hard to detect and their effects on individual species may be hard to predict. But the lesson is clear enough. For example, although many countries have had plans to grow many tropical forests, they are highly susceptible to destruction because the soils in which they grow are poor in available nutrients. Centuries may be required to bring back a forest that was cut down or burnt out in the space of a few years. Many of the world's severely threatened animals and plants live in such forests, and it is certain that huge numbers of them will disappear if present rates of forest loss continue. Habitats in the world are unchangeable and fixedly exist.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

 The problem of cardiac arrest has become a major problem these days. A lot of patients have acute pain after suffering from a stroke. There are plenty of medicines, surgical methods developed in the field of medicine to treat such cardiac problems. These solutions are time consuming and costly. In the process of rehabilitation, the medicines also have a lot of side effects on the human body and take time to give relief. Therefore, a lot of people go for alternative therapies that help in rehabilitation of patients who suffer from cardiac stroke. The alternative therapies help in relieving pain, stress and make the body healthy and fit through exercise, yoga as well as meditation.

 Those who have the cardiac complaint have to take a good care of their diet. Also, they must look after their regular exercise in order to stay fit and make sure that they do not take undue stress. These are some of the precautions that you need to take while you are in the process of rehabilitation. The cardiac rehabilitation can be carried out at the rehabilitation centers as well as at the residence of the patients. Once the patient learns all the exercise and techniques of meditation and understands what diet he or she should include in their meals as the instructions of the doctor’s and dieticians, then it is possible to accomplish the rehabilitation process at home with little guidance and monitoring. But the best results are seen at the center, where the program is given to a group of patients together.

 The alternative therapies used for cardiac rehabilitation are stress management, physical exercises and diet. Stress management is very much essential in the rehabilitation process because it has a lot of effects on the patient’s body. A lot of relaxation techniques are taught to the patients that helps them in stress management, among them meditation is one of the main focuses.

 The various rehabilitation programs also give you information on how to have a stress free lifestyle. The patients are supported and encouraged to discuss their problems with the counselor or fellow patients. This helps them to vent their feelings and feel comforted. Breathing exercises are also of great help for the patients who are undergoing cardiac rehabilitation.

 In addition to stress management, physical exercises are also given a lot of importance in the rehabilitation program. The patients are asked to perform various forms of physical exercise which are suitable to them depending on their age and the severity of their problems. These activities include activities like walking, jogging, cycling, and some other sports like badminton, tennis etc., to maintain their health and keep their muscles, bones, and body tissues in a good state. Cardio exercise in a gymnasium is also encouraged. This helps in strengthening the muscles and managing weight.

 The diet of these patients also needs to be looked upon very carefully. Such people should stay away from alcohol and tobacco consumption in order to improve their health. Make sure that their meals include plenty of organic foodstuffs as well as fruits and juices. Do not include junk and oily foodstuffs in your diet because they are very difficult to digest. The intake of calories should also be done at required level. It is a significant fact that the patients have to understand and work accordingly.

All of the following are mentioned as the negative aspects of medical treatment EXCEPT

A. causing acute pains 

B. costing a lot of money

C. having side effects on people’s body 

D. prolonging over a long period of time

Read the following passage. Match the paragraphs with the headings.

TEENS’ SOURCES OF STRESS

1. In adolescence, teens experience so many physical and psychological changes that they may not know how to deal with. Many boys feel obsessed with their voice or appearance. Girls feel annoyed with unwanted spots on their faces.

2. As teens reach adolescence, they have more friends and come in contact with many more people. They now have to learn to interact socially and they may find it is not easy to adjust in the complicated world or to gain social acceptance.

3. Many teenagers start to have emotional feelings for another boy or girl, or feel the need to be loved. If a teen fails to get love from the one he/she likes or loves, they may find it is hard to get over the painful experience.

4. Pressures to do well academically can be a source of stress. If teens are academically b, they can perform well. If not, they suffer from endless stress.

5. Being under pressures of a number of things, teenagers become constantly anxious. If they are unlucky to fail in anything, they may fall into the feeling of self-doubt and low self-esteem.

List of Headings

A. Academic stress

B. Low self-esteem stress

C. Stress due to physical or physiological changes

D. Social stress

E. Stress due to romantic relationships