a) \(4x^4+y^4\)

\(=\left(2x^2\right)^2+2.2x^2.y^2+\left(y^2\right)^2-2.2x^2.y^2\)

\(=\left(2x^2+y^2\right)^2-4x^2y^2\)

\(=\left(2x^2+y^2\right)^2-\left(2xy\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\left(2x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\)

b) \(\left(x^2-3x-1\right)^2-12\left(x^2-3x-1\right)+27\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-1\right)^2-2\left(x^2-3x-1\right).6+36-9\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-1-6\right)^2-3^2\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-7\right)^2-3^2\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-7-3\right)\left(x^2-3x-7+3\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-10\right)\left(x^2-3x-4\right)\)

c) \(x^3-x^2-5x+125\)

\(=x^3+5x^2-6x^2-30x+25x+125\)

\(=x^2\left(x+5\right)-6x\left(x+5\right)+25\left(x+5\right)\)

\(=\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2-6x+25\right)\)

d) \(xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)+2xyz\)

\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz+zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz\)

\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z+x\right)+zx\left(z+x+y\right)\)

\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left[xy+z\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+zx+yz+z^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left[y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+z\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)

a) ta có : \(4x^4+y^4=4x^4+4x^2y^2+y^2-\left(2xy\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2x^2+y^2\right)^2-\left(2xy\right)^2=\left(2x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\left(2x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)

b) ta có : \(\left(x^3-3x-1\right)^2-12\left(x^2-3x-1\right)+27\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-1\right)^2-3\left(x^2-3x-1\right)-9\left(x^2-3x-1\right)+27\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-1\right)\left(x^2-3x-4\right)-9\left(x^2-3x-4\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x-10\right)\left(x^2-3x-4\right)\)

c) ta có : \(x^3-x^2-5x+125=x^2+5x^2-6x^2-30x+25x+125\)

\(=x^2\left(x+5\right)-6x\left(x+5\right)+25\left(x+5\right)=\left(x^2-6x+25\right)\left(x+5\right)\)

d) ta có : \(xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)+2xyz\)

\(=x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+xyz+yz^2+z^2x+zx^2+xyz\)

\(=y\left(x^2+xy+yz+xz\right)+z\left(yz+zx+x^2+xy\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+yz+xz\right)\)

a) xy(x + y) + yz(y + z) + xz(z + x) + 3xyz

= xy(X + y + z)  + yz(x + y + z) + xz(X + y + z)

= (x + y +z)(xy + yz+ xz)

b) xy(x + y) - yz(y + z) - xz(z - x)

= x²y + xy² - y²z - yz² - xz² + x²z

= x²(y + z) - yz(y + z) + x(y² - z²)

= x²(y + z) - yz(y + z) + x(y + z)(y - z)

= (y + z)(x² - yz + xy - xz)

= (y + z)[x(x + y) - z(x + y)]

= (y + z)(x + y)(x - z)

c) x(y² - z²) + y(z² - x²) + z(x² - y²)

 = x(y - z)(y + z) + yz² - yx² + x²z - y²z

= x(y - z)(y + z) - yz(y - z) - x²(y - z)

= (y - z)((xy + xz - yz - x²)

= (y - z)[x(y - x) - z(y - x)]

= (y - z)(x - z)(y -x) 

Bài 2:

1: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2-4\left(2x-1\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-1-4\right)=0\)

=>(2x-1)(2x-5)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

2: \(9x^3-x=0\)

=>\(x\left(9x^2-1\right)=0\)

=>x(3x-1)(3x+1)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\3x-1=0\\3x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3: \(\left(3-2x\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(2x-3\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)=0\)

=>(2x-3)(2x-3-2)=0

=>(2x-3)(2x-5)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-3=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

4: \(\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-10x+25=0\)

=>\(2x^2+10x-5x-25-10x+25=0\)

=>\(2x^2-5x=0\)

=>\(x\left(2x-5\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1:

1: \(3x^3y^2-6xy\)

\(=3xy\cdot x^2y-3xy\cdot2\)

\(=3xy\left(x^2y-2\right)\)

2: \(\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)-2\left(x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\cdot\left(x+3y\right)-2\cdot\left(x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+3y-2\right)\)

3: \(\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-2y\right)-5x\left(2y-x\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-2y\right)+5x\left(x-2y\right)\)

\(=(x-2y)(3x-1+5x)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(8x-1\right)\)

4: \(x^2-y^2-6y-9\)

\(=x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)\)

\(=x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)

5: \(\left(3x-y\right)^2-4y^2\)

\(=\left(3x-y\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(3x-y-2y\right)\left(3x-y+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-3y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)

\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)

6: \(4x^2-9y^2-4x+1\)

\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-9y^2\)

\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(3y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2x-1-3y\right)\left(2x-1+3y\right)\)

8: \(x^2y-xy^2-2x+2y\)

\(=xy\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(xy-2\right)\)

9: \(x^2-y^2-2x+2y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(2x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-2\right)\)

\(B1\\ a,2x+10y=2\left(x+5y\right)\\ b,x^2+4x+4=x^2+2.2x+2^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\\ c,x^2-y^2+10y-25\\ =\left(x^2-y^2\right)+5\left(2y-5\right)\\ =\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+5\left(2y-5\right)\\ B2\)

\(a,x^2-3x+x-3=0\\ =>x\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)=0\\ =>\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\\ =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,2x\left(x-3\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(4x^2-3\right)=0\\ =>2x^2-6x-2x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}=0\\ =>-6x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\ =>x=\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right):\left(-6\right)\\ =>x=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ c,x^2-\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-5\right)=9\\ =>x^2-2x^2+6x+5x-15=9\\ =>-x^2+11-15-9=0\\ =>-x^2+11x-24=0\\ =>-x^2+8x+3x-24=0\\ =>-x\left(x-8\right)+3\left(x-8\right)=0\\ =>\left(3-x\right)\left(x-8\right)=0\\ =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}3-x=0\\x-8=0\end{matrix}\right.=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z-x\right)-xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z-x\right)-xy\left[\left(y+z\right)-\left(z-x\right)\right]\)

\(=yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z-x\right)-xy\left(y+z\right)+xy\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=y\left(y+z\right)\left(z-x\right)+x\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(yz-xy+xz-xy\right)\)

\(A=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(x^2+y^2+z^2=a\)

\(xy+yz+zx=b\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=2b\)

\(\Rightarrow a+2b=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

Kết hợp (1) ta được : \(A=a\left(a+2b\right)+b^2\)

                                      \(=a^2+2ab+b^2\)

                                     \(=\left(a+b\right)^2\)

                                      \(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)