Ta có :

\(P=x\left(x+a\right)\left(x-a\right)\left(x+2a\right)+a^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+ax\right)\left(x^2-ax+2ax-2a^2\right)+a^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+ax\right)\left(x^2+ax-2a^2\right)+a^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+ax\right)^2-2\left(x^2+ax\right)a^2+a^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+ax-a^2\right)^2\) là scp \(\left(đpcm\right)\)

Ta có:

\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)\left(x+4y\right)+y^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+4y^2\right)\left(x^2+5xy+6y^2\right)+y^4\)

Đặt \(x^2+5xy+5y^2=t\left(t\in Z\right)\) thì:

\(A=\left(t-y^2\right)\left(t+y^2\right)+y^4\)

\(=t^2-y^4+y^4=t^2\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)^2\)

Vì \(x,y,z\in Z\) nên:

\(x^2\in Z,5xy\in Z,5y^2\in Z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5xy+5y^2\in Z\)

Vậy \(A\) là số chính phương (Đpcm)

đéo biết

1) \(A=-2x^2-10y^2+4xy+4x+4y+2013=-2\left(x-y-1\right)^2-8\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+2017\le2017\forall x,y\inℝ\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = ³/₂; y = ¹/₂

2) \(A=a^4-2a^3+2a^2-2a+2=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 1

3) \(N=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-4y\right)+y^4=\left(x^2-5xy+4y^2\right)\left(x^2-5x+6y^2\right)+y^4=\left(x^2-5xy+4y^2\right)^2+2y^2\left(x^2-5xy+4y^2\right)+y^4=\left(x^2-5xy+5y^2\right)^2\)(là số chính phương, đpcm)

4) \(a^3+b^3=3ab-1\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+1\right]-3ab\left(a+b+1\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+1\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-a-b+1\right)-3ab\left(a+b+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab-a-b+1\right)=0\)Vì a, b dương nên a + b + 1 > 0 suy ra \(a^2+b^2-ab-a-b+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

Do đó \(a^{2018}+b^{2019}=1+1=2\)

5) \(A=n^3+\left(n+1\right)^3+\left(n+2\right)^3=3n\left(n^2+5\right)+9\left(n^2+1\right)⋮9\)(Do số chính phương chia 3 dư 1 hoặc 0)

ồ bài này khá dễ

Ta có

\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)\left(x+4y\right)+y^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+4y^2\right)\left(x^2+5xy+6y^2\right)+y^4\)

Đặt \(x^2+5xy+5y^2=t\left(t\in Z\right)\)

\(\)\(A=\left(t-y^2\right)\left(t+y^2\right)+y^4=t^2-y^4+y^4\)

\(=t^2=\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)^2\)

Vì \(x,y,z\in Z\) nên \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\in Z\\5xy\in Z\\5y^2\in Z\end{cases}\Rightarrow x^2+5xy+y^2\in Z}\)

Vậy A là số chính phương

\(A=\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(x+4y\right)\right]\left[\left(x+2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)\right]+y^4.\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+4y^2\right)\left(x^2+5xy+6y^2\right)+y^4.\)

\(=\left[\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)-y^2\right]\left[\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)+y^2\right]+y^4.\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)^2-y^4+y^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)^2\)

Đến đây ta có điều phải chứng minh rồi :>

Ta có \(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)\left(x+4y\right)+y^4\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+4y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)+y^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+4y^2\right)\left(x^2+5xy+6y^2\right)+y^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2+y^2\right)+y^4\)

\(=\left(x^2+5xy+5y^2\right)^2\) là số chính phương. \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

\(p=\left[\left(x+5\right).\left(x+11\right)\right].\left[\left(x+7\right).\left(x+9\right)\right]+16=\)

\(=\left(x^2+16x+55\right)\left(x^2+16x+63\right)+16=\)

\(=\left(x^2+16x\right)^2+118.\left(x^2+16x\right)+3481=\)

\(=\left(x^2+16x\right)^2+2.\left(x^2+16x\right).59+59^2=\)

\(=\left[\left(x^2+16x\right)+59\right]^2\) là một số chính phương

ta có (x+y)(x+2y)(x+3y)(x+4y)+y^4

=(x+y)(x+4y)(x+2y)(x+3y)+y^4

=(x^2+5xy+4y^2)(x^2+5xy+6y^2)+y^4

đặt x^2+5xy=a

<=>A=a(a+2y^2)+y^4

=a^2+2.a.y^2+y^4

=(a+y^2)^2

là scp