Bất đẳng thức sai với [a = 35/256, b = 5/16, c = 3921/1840 ]

Cân bằng hệ số:

Giả sư: \(2a^2+ab+2b^2=x\left(a+b\right)^2+y\left(a-b\right)^2\) (ta đi tìm x ; y)

\(=xa^2+x.2ab+xb^2+ya^2-y.2ab+yb^2\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)a^2+2\left(x-y\right)ab+\left(x+y\right)b^2\)

Đồng nhất hệ số ta được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2\\2\left(x-y\right)=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}2x+2y=4\\2x-2y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow4x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{3}{4}\)

Do vậy: \(2a^2+ab+2b^2=\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)

Tương tự với hai BĐT còn lại,thay vào,thu gọn và đặt thừa số chung,ta được:

\(VT\ge\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}.2.\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}.2.3=3\sqrt{5}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b =c = 1

Hoa 

cả

mắt

1)

Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+4c\right)}}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{\frac{3\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b+4c\right)}{2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=3\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c

2)

\(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{2a}{ab+1}\right)^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2a}{\sqrt[3]{2a\left(ab+1\right)^2}}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2a}{\frac{2a+\left(ab+1\right)+\left(ab+1\right)}{3}}=3\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{ab+a+1}\)

Ta có bổ đề: \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=1\left(abc=1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{2a}{ab+1}\right)^2}\ge3\)

\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac+ab+bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ac+ab+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+bc+b^2+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\Sigma_{sym}a^4b^4\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma_{sym}a^2b^2\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma_{sym}ab\right)^4}{27}\ge\frac{a^2b^2c^2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3a^4b^4c^4\)

\(\Sigma\frac{a^5}{bc^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^4}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{27abc\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(3\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{27abc}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Ta có \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq a^2b^2c^2\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\geq 1\)

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với \(\frac{\frac{1}{c^3}}{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^3}}{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}+\frac{\frac{1}{a^3}}{\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Đặt \((\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c})=(x,y,z)\). Bài toán trở thành: 

Cho \(x,y,z>0|x^2+y^2+z^2\geq 1\). CMR \(P=\frac{x^3}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^3}{z^2+x^2}+\frac{z^3}{x^2+y^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Lời giải:

 Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy -Schwarz:

\(P=\frac{x^4}{xy^2+xz^2}+\frac{y^4}{yz^2+yx^2}+\frac{z^4}{zx^2+zy^2}\geq \frac{(x^2+y^2+^2)^2}{x^2(y+z)+y^2(x+z)+z^2(x+y)}\) (1)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\geq y\geq z\Rightarrow x^2\geq y^2\geq z^2\) 

Và \(y+z\leq z+x\leq x+y\). Khi đó, áp dụng BĐT Chebyshev: 

\(3[x^2(y+z)+y^2(x+z)+z^2(x+y)]\leq (x^2+y^2+z^2)(y+z+x+z+x+y)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2(y+z)+y^2(x+z)+z^2(x+y)\leq \frac{2(x^2+y^2+z^2)(x+y+z)}{3}\)

Theo hệ quả của BĐT Am-Gm thì: \((x+y+z)^2\leq 3(x^2+y^2+z^2)\Rightarrow x+y+z\leq \sqrt{3(x^2+y^2+z^2)}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2(y+z)+y^2(x+z)+z^2(x+y)\leq \frac{2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\sqrt{3(x^2+y^2+z^2)}}{3}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(P\geq \frac{3(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\sqrt{3(x^2+y^2+z^2)}}=\frac{\sqrt{3(x^2+y^2+z^2)}}{2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Ta có đpcm

Dáu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a};y=\frac{1}{b};z=\frac{1}{c}\)

Khi đó giả thiết được viết lại là \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge1\)và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{x^3}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^3}{z^2+x^2}+\frac{z^3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)(*)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức, ta được:

\(VT_{\left(^∗\right)}=\frac{x^4}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{y^4}{y\left(z^2+x^2\right)}+\frac{z^4}{z\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y\left(z^2+x^2\right)+z\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)

Đến đây ta đi chứng minh \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y\left(z^2+x^2\right)+z\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)\(\ge\sqrt{3}\left[x\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y\left(z^2+x^2\right)+z\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]\)

Ta có: \(x\left(y^2+z^2\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{2x^2\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y^2+z^2\right)}\)\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\left(\frac{2x^2+y^2+z^2+y^2+z^2}{3}\right)^3}\)

\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{9}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

Tương tự ta có: \(y\left(z^2+x^2\right)\le\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{9}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

\(z\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{9}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT trên, ta được: 

\(\text{∑}_{cyc}\left[x\left(y^2+z^2\right)\right]\le\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}\text{∑}_{cyc}\left[x\left(y^2+z^2\right)\right]\le2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

Cuối cùng ta cần chứng minh được

\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\le2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge1\)(đúng)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Theo bđt Cauchy - Schwart ta có:

\(\text{Σ}cyc\frac{c}{a^2\left(bc+1\right)}=\text{Σ}cyc\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{b+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+3}\)

\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3a^2b^2c^2}\)

Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=x;abc=y\).

Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{xy+3y^2}\ge\frac{9}{x\left(1+y\right)}\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^3y\ge9xy+27y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-9y\right)+y\left(x^3-27y\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )

Vậy BĐT đc CM. Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1

sai rồi nhé bạn 

Trước hết theo BĐT Schur bậc 3 ta có:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9abc\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=3\)) (1)

Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P, ta có:

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+2abc^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2+abc\right)^2}{b^2c^2+2a^2bc}+\dfrac{\left(c^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2c^2+2ab^2c}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)

Áp dụng (1):

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left[2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=4\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Anh giúp em câu này ạ, câu này hơi khó anh ạ, làm chắc cũng lâu, có gì anh để mai cũng được ạ! 

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