1.A
2.A
3.B
4.C
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.A
9.B
10.A
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.B
16.A
17.A
18.A
19.A
20.C

a) Áp dụng hệ thức lượng trong tam giác vuông vào ΔABC vuông tại B có BH là đường cao ứng với cạnh huyền AC, ta được:

\(BH^2=HA\cdot HC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow BH^2=2\cdot6=12\)

hay \(BH=2\sqrt{3}\left(cm\right)\)

Áp dụng định lí Pytago vào ΔBHA vuông tại H, ta được:

\(BA^2=BH^2+HA^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow AB^2=\left(2\sqrt{3}\right)^2+2^2=12+4=16\)

hay BA=4(cm)

Áp dụng định lí Pytago vào ΔABC vuông tại B, ta được:

\(AC^2=BA^2+BC^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow BC^2=8^2-4^2=48\)

hay \(BC=4\sqrt{3}\left(cm\right)\)

b) Xét ΔABC vuông tại B có 

\(\sin\widehat{A}=\dfrac{BC}{CA}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{3}}{8}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

\(\cos\widehat{A}=\dfrac{BA}{CA}=\dfrac{4}{8}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

X = -2/5- 3/10

X= -7/10

A = \(\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}+8}{3\sqrt{x}+2}=2+\dfrac{4}{3\sqrt{x}+2}\)

Có \(3\sqrt{x}+2>0< =>\dfrac{4}{3\sqrt{x}+2}>0\) <=> A > 2

Có: \(3\sqrt{x}+2\ge2< =>\dfrac{4}{3\sqrt{x}+2}\le2\) <=> A \(\le4\)

<=> 2 < A \(\le4\)

Mà A nguyên

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=3\\A=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: A = 3

<=> \(\dfrac{4}{3\sqrt{x}+2}=1\)

<=> \(3\sqrt{x}+2=4< =>x=\dfrac{4}{9}\)

TH2: A = 4

<=> \(\dfrac{4}{3\sqrt{x}+2}=2< =>3\sqrt{x}+2=2< =>x=0\)

\(a,\) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{21}=\dfrac{5x}{50}=\dfrac{2z}{42}=\dfrac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\dfrac{28}{14}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=20\\y=12\\z=42\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{60}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{30+60-28}=\dfrac{124}{62}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=40\\z=56\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}=\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=18\\y=12\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}=16\\z=12\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,\) Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=k\Rightarrow x=2k;y=3k\)

\(xy=54\Rightarrow2k\cdot3k=54\Rightarrow k^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=3\\k=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6;y=9\\x=-6;y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,\) Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=k\Rightarrow x=5k;y=3k\)

\(x^2-y^2=4\Rightarrow25k^2-9k^2=4\Rightarrow16k^2=4\Rightarrow k^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=\dfrac{1}{2}\\k=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2};y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{5}{2};y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(f,\) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{z+x+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}=x+y+z\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=y+z+1\\2y=x+z+1\\2z=x+y-2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=3x-1\\x+y+z=3y-1\\x+y+z=3z+2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3y-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3z+2=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\z=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

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