Cho \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{5}{6}+...+\frac{199}{200}\)Chứng minh rằng : \(S^2<\frac{1}{201}\)
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S = \(\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{21}...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\) ( có 181 phân số )
=> S > \(\frac{1}{200}+\frac{1}{200}+...+\frac{1}{200}+\frac{1}{200}\)
=> S > \(\frac{1}{200}.181\)
=> S > \(\frac{181}{200}\)> \(\frac{180}{200}\)= \(\frac{9}{10}\)
Vậy S > 9 / 10
ta có 1/2<2/3 ; 3/4<4/5;5/6<6/7;...;199/200<200/201
suy ra A^2=1/2^2*3/4^2*5/6^2*...*199/200^2<1/2*2/3*3/4*4/5*5/6*6/7*...*199/200/200/201
suy ra A^2<1/201(đpcm)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3};\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5};\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7};...;\frac{199}{200}< \frac{200}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}.....\frac{199}{200}< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.....\frac{200}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.....\frac{200}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2< \left(\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.....\frac{200}{201}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}.....\frac{199}{200}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2< \frac{1}{201}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{199}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+...+\frac{1}{200}=\text{VP}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3};\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5};\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7};...;\frac{199}{200}< \frac{200}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{199}{200}< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{200}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow C< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{200}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow C^2< \left(\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{200}{201}\right).\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{199}{200}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C^2< \frac{1}{201}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Với mọi n nguyên dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Với k nguyên dương thì
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}=\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
\(=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k-1}\)(*)
Đặt A = vế trái. Áp dụng (*) ta có:
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\)
...
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{79}\)
Cộng tất cả lại
\(2A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-1=8\Rightarrow A>4\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1.\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow b.\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}+b.\sqrt{a-1}\le a.b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=2\)
\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{199}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+....+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}-1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}-....-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{101}+...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+.....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\) (ĐPCM)
Ta có : 1 - 1/2 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ....- 1/200
= (1 + 1/3 + 1/5 + ....+ 1/199) - ( 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/6 + .... + 1/200)
= ( 1 + 1/3 +...+ 1/199) + (1/2 +1/4 + ...+ 1/200) - 2(1/2+1/4+...+ 1/200)
= (1+1/2+1/3+....+1/199 + 1/200) - (1 +1/2 +1/3 +....+1/100)
= 1/101 + 1/102+ 1/103 + .... + 1/200
chúc bạn học tốt!!!!!!!
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