Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*

\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{​​}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:

1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)

bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko

Ta có: \(\frac{a^3+b^3}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}=\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}=\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a^3+b^3}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a}^2+\sqrt{b}^2\right)\left(\sqrt{a^3}^{^2}+\sqrt{b^3}^{^2}\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhi... ta có:

\(\left(\sqrt{a}^2+\sqrt{b}^2\right)\left(\sqrt{a^3}^{^2}+\sqrt{b^3}^{^2}\right)^2\ge\left(\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a}^2+\sqrt{b}^2\right)+\left(\sqrt{a^3}^{^2}+\sqrt{b^3}^{^2}\right)}\)\(\ge\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3}=\sqrt{a^4}+\sqrt{b^4}=a^2+b^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\ge a^2+b^2\) (1)

Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b^3+c^3}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\ge b^2+c^2\) (2)

\(\frac{c^3+d^3}{\sqrt{c^2-cd+d^2}}\ge c^2+d^2\)(3)

\(\frac{d^3+a^3}{\sqrt{d^2-da+a^2}}\ge d^2+a^2\)(4)

Cộng vế với vế của 1,2,3,4 ta được:

\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}+\frac{b^3+c^3}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}+\frac{c^3+d^3}{\sqrt{c^2-cd+d^2}}+\frac{d^3+a^3}{\sqrt{d^2-da+a^2}}\)\(\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)

Hoặc \(\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge a^2+b^2\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(bình phương lên)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\frac{ab}{cd}\)

Vậy \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)và \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

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Ta có :

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2+2ab}{c^2+d^2+2cd}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\)( 1 )

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{c^2+d^2-2cd}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) suy ra : \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)

TH1 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)+\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{a}{c}\)( 3 )

TH2 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)-\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2b}{2d}=\frac{b}{d}\)( 4 )

Từ ( 3 ) và ( 4 ) suy ra : \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)hay \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)

TH2 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{d-c}=\frac{2b}{2c}=\frac{b}{c}\)( 5 )

\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{d-c}=\frac{2a}{2d}=\frac{a}{d}\)( 6 )

Từ ( 5 ) và ( 6 ) suy ra : \(\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{d}\)hay \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\)

Vậy nếu \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)thì \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\\\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\end{cases}}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}=\frac{c^2+d^2}{cd}\)

=> \(\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}=\frac{c^2}{cd}+\frac{d^2}{cd}\)

=> \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{c}\)

 Mình chỉ làm được tới khúc này

Ta có: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2+2ab}{c^2+d^2+2cd}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{c^2+d^2-2cd}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:

\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)

Trường hợp 1: \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)+\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{a}{c}\left(3\right)\)

                         \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)-\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2b}{2d}=\frac{b}{d}\left(4\right)\)

Từ (3) và (4) suy ra \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)

Trường hợp 2: \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{-\left(a-b\right)}{c-d}=\frac{b-a}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c+d\right)+\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2b}{2c}=\frac{b}{c}\left(5\right)\)

                          \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c+d\right)-\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2a}{2d}=\frac{a}{d}\left(6\right)\)

Từ (5) và (6) suy ra \(\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\)

Svacxo chăng :33 Ai thử đi, e sợ biến nhiều lắm :))

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