Ta đi chứng minh: \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^3}\le2b-a\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)

Một cách tương tự:\(\frac{5c^3-b^3}{bc+3c^3}\le2c-b;\frac{5a^3-c^3}{ca+3a^2}\le2a-c\)

Cộng lại thì:

\(LHS\le a+b+c=3\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1

Ta có BĐT phụ \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}\le2b-a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)}{b\left(a+3b\right)}\le0\) *luôn đúng*

Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại cũng có:

\(P\le2a-b+2b-c+2c-a=a+b+c=3\)

Dấu '=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Xét \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}-\left(2b-a\right)=\frac{5a^3-a^3-\left(ab+3b^2\right)\left(2b-a\right)}{ab+3b^2}\)

\(=\frac{5b^3-a^3-\left(2ab^2-a^2b+6b^3-3b^2a\right)}{ab+3b^2}=\frac{-b^5-a^3+a^2b+b^2a}{ab+3b^2}\)

\(=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab+3b^3}\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}\le2b-a\)

Ta có 2 BĐT tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{5c^3-b^3}{bc+3c^2}\le2c-b\\\frac{5a^3-c^3}{ca+3a^2}\le2a-c\end{cases}}\)

Cộng 3 vế BĐT trên ta được \(P\le2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1}\)

\(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}-\left(2a-b\right)=-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)}{ab+3a^2}\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}\le2a-b\)

Lời giải:

Bạn nhớ tới bổ đề sau: Với $a,b>0$ thì $a^3+b^3\geq ab(a+b)$.

Áp dụng vào bài:

$5a^3-b^3\leq 5a^3-[ab(a+b)-a^3]=6a^3-ab(a+b)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}\leq \frac{6a^3-ab(a+b)}{ab+3a^2}=\frac{6a^2-ab-b^2}{3a+b}=\frac{(3a+b)(2a-b)}{3a+b}=2a-b$

Tương tự:

$\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}\leq 2b-c; \frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\leq 2c-a$

Cộng theo vế:

$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq a+b+c=3$

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$

Câu hỏi của NGUYỄN DOÃN ANH THÁI - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath làm tương tự chỗ cuối thay a+b+c=2015 là dc

Sử dụng giả thiết a + b + c = 3, ta được: \(\frac{a^3}{3a-ab-ca+2bc}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b+c\right)a-ab-ca+2bc}\)\(=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}\)

Tương tự ta có \(\frac{b^3}{3b-bc-ab+2ca}=\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}\); \(\frac{c^3}{3c-ca-bc+2ab}=\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}\)

Khi đó thì \(P=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{2abc}{a^2+2bc}-\frac{2abc}{b^2+2ca}-\frac{2abc}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)\(=3+abc\left[3-2\left(\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\right)\right]\)\(\le3+abc\left[3-2.\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)(Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)\(=3+abc\left[3-2.\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]\le3+\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3=4\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1

Ta có:

sigma \(\frac{ab}{3a+4b+5c}=\) sigma \(\frac{2ab}{5\left(a+b+2c\right)+\left(a+3b\right)}\le\frac{2}{36}\left(sigma\frac{5ab}{a+b+2c}+sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\right)\)

Ta đi chứng minh: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{9}{4}\)

có: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(sigma\frac{ab}{c+a}+sigma\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)

BĐT trên đúng nếu: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\le\frac{9}{4}\)

Ta thấy: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(sigma\frac{ab}{a}+sigma\frac{3ab}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\)( sigma \(b+sigma3a\)) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sigma\frac{ab}{3a+4b+5c}\le\frac{1}{18}\left(5.\frac{9}{4}+\frac{9}{4}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)(1)

MÀ: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{\left(ab+2bc\right)\left(ab+2ca\right)}}\ge\frac{2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\frac{3}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{9^2}=\frac{1}{27}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow T\le\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{27}=\frac{77}{108}\)

Vậy GTLN của biểu thức T là 77/108 <=> a=b=c=3

Ta có: \(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}=\frac{3a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{2a^3}{ab+3a^2}\)

\(=a-\frac{a^2b+b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{2a^3}{ab+3a^2}\)

= \(a-\frac{b\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a\left(b+3a\right)}+\frac{2a^3}{a\left(b+3a\right)}\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ( x² + y² \(\ge2xy\)) ta có:

(1) \(\le a-\frac{2ab^2}{a\left(b+3a\right)}+\frac{2a^2}{b+3a}\) = \(a-\frac{2b^2}{b+3a}+\frac{2a^2}{b+3a}\) (2)

Tương tự ta cũng có:

\(\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}\le b-\frac{2c^2}{c+3b}+\frac{2b^2}{c+3b}\left(3\right)\)

\(\frac{5c^3-a^2}{ca+3c^2}\)\(\le c-\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}+\frac{2c^2}{a+3c}\)(4)

Từ (2), (3), (4) \(\Rightarrow\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\le a+b+c+\left(\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}-\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{2b^2}{b+3c}-\frac{2b^2}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{2c^2}{c+3a}-\frac{2c^2}{c+3a}\right)=a+b+c\le2018\)

Vậy \(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\le2018\)