Câu hỏi của Bùi Minh Quân - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath

Ta có: 

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{b-a+a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{b-a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)

Tương tự:

 \(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{c-b+b-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{c-b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{b-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)

Và: \(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{a-c+c-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{a-c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}+\frac{c-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

=> \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

=> \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)

=> đpcm

bo ko biet

Ta có

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{b-a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có

\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\left(2\right)\)

\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1) (2) và (3) ta có

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{c-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{\left(c-a\right)+\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

Làm tương tự ta được:\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)

                           \(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)

Bài này áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(mx+ny+pz\right)^2\)

Xét:

\(\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2\right].\left[\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\ge\)

\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)(1)

Xét: \(\left[\left(\sqrt{ab+ca}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc+ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca+bc}\right)^2\right].\left[\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{ab+ca}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{bc+ab}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{\sqrt{ca+bc}}\right)^2\right]\ge\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)(2)

Xét \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(3)

Từ (1), (2), (3)

 \(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{a-c}\)

\(=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)=VP\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt \(A=\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(A=\frac{\left(c-b\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a-c\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(b-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(A=\frac{-b^2+2bc-c^2-a^2+2ac-c^2-a^2+2ab-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{A}{2}=\frac{ab+bc+ca-a^2-b^2-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

Đặt \(B=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)

\(\frac{B}{2}=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(\frac{B}{2}=\frac{bc-ab-c^2+ac+ac-a^2-bc+ab+ab-ac-b^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(\frac{B}{2}=\frac{ab+bc+ca-a^2-b^2-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=B\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x;\frac{b-c}{a}=y;\frac{c-a}{b}=z\Rightarrow\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{1}{x};\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{1}{y};\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{1}{z}\)

Vì a+b+c=0 => a=-b-c ; b=-c-a ; c=-a-b 

                         a³+b³+c³=3abc

Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\left(x+z\right)\cdot\frac{1}{y}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{ab-b^2+c^2-ac}{bc}\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}\)

\(=\frac{a\left(b-c\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{bc}\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{bc}\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{a\left(a+a\right)}{bc}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

Tượng tự \(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^3}{abc};\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Do đó \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)=3+\frac{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3}{abc}=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)

=>đpcm

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Ta có : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=\frac{-\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{-\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{-\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{-1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{-1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)