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Câu hỏi của lep. - Toán lớp 8 - Học trực tuyến OLM

Câu hỏi của CTV - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath

Điều kiện đã cho có thể được viết lại thành \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{d+a}=2\)

hay \(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+bc-ab-b^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d^2+da-cd-d^2}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left[\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\) (do \(c\ne a\))

\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(cd+ca+d^2+da\right)=d\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow abc+bd^2-acd-b^2d=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(b-d\right)-bd\left(b-d\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\) (do \(b\ne d\))

 Do đó \(A=abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\), mà \(a,c\inℕ^∗\) nên A là SCP (đpcm)

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\)

\(>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)

Tương tự ta cũng chứng minh được \(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}+\frac{a}{d+a}>1\)

mà \(\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}+\frac{a}{d+a}\right)\)

\(=\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+d}{c+d}+\frac{d+a}{d+a}=4\)

\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\)là số nguyên 

do đó \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)(vì \(a\ne c\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\)(vì \(b\ne d\))

Khi đó \(abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\)là số chính phương. 

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