a/ Tam giác AMN cân tại A (gt). \(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{AMN}=\widehat{ANM};AM=AN.\)

Xét tam giác AMB và tam giác ANC có:

+ AM = AN (cmt).

+ \(\widehat{AMB}=\widehat{ANC}\left(\widehat{AMN}=\widehat{ANM}\right).\)

+ MB = NC (gt).

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác AMB = Tam giác ANC (c - g - c).

\(\Rightarrow\) AB = AC (cặp cạnh tương ứng).

Xét tam giác ABC có: AB = AC (cmt).

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác ABC cân tại A.

b/ Tam giác ABC cân tại A (cmt) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{ABC}=\widehat{ACB}.\)

Mà \(\widehat{ABC}=\widehat{MBH;}\widehat{ACB}=\widehat{NCK}\text{​​}\) (đối đỉnh).

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{MBH}=\widehat{NCK}.\)

Xét tam giác MBH và tam giác NCK \(\left(\widehat{BHM}=\widehat{CKN}=90^o\right)\)có:

+ MB = NC (gt).

+ \(\widehat{MBH}=\widehat{NCK}\left(cmt\right).\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác MBH = Tam giác NCK (cạnh huyền - góc nhọn).

c/ Tam giác MBH = Tam giác NCK (cmt).

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{BMH}=\widehat{CNK}\) (cặp góc tương ứng).

Xét tam giác OMN có: \(\widehat{NMO}=\widehat{MNO}\) (do \(\widehat{BMH}=\widehat{CNK}\)).

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác OMN tại O.

\(2\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+3\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow5\overrightarrow{IA}+2\overrightarrow{AB}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+3\overrightarrow{JB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{BJ}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}.\overrightarrow{BJ}=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=-\dfrac{2}{5}AB^2+\dfrac{9}{20}AC^2-\dfrac{3}{10}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\dfrac{3}{5}a^2+\dfrac{9}{20}a^2-\dfrac{3}{10}a^2.cos60^0=-\dfrac{3}{10}a^2\)

b.

Từ câu a ta có

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (1)

\(\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{JC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JA}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (2)

Cộng vế (1) và (2):

\(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow IJ^2=\overrightarrow{JI}^2=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{25}AB^2+\dfrac{9}{400}AC^2-\dfrac{9}{50}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{9}{25}a^2+\dfrac{9}{400}a^2-\dfrac{9}{50}.a^2.cos60^0=...\)