Đáp án: D.

A. N₂O , NO, HNO₃.     

A

a) 

- Chất khử: S

- Chất oxi hóa: HNO₃

- Quá trình oxi hóa:  \(\overset{0}{S}\rightarrow\overset{+4}{S}+4e\)  (Nhân với 1)

- Quá trình khử:  \(\overset{+5}{N}+1e\rightarrow\overset{+4}{N}\)  (Nhân với 4)

PTHH: \(S+4HNO_3\rightarrow SO_2+4NO_2+2H_2O\)

b) Bạn cần cho thêm tỉ lệ N₂O : N₂

(5x-2y) Fe3O4 +(46x-18y) HNO3 => 3(5x-2y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (23x-9y)H2O

3Fe(OH)x + (12-x)HNO3=> 3Fe(NO3)3 + (3-x) NO + (6+x)H2O

(5x-2y)Fe +(18x-6y) HNO3 => (5x-2y)Fe(NO3)3 + 3NxOy + (9x-3y)H2O

2MxOy + (2x-2y)H2O =>2x MOH + (x-2y)H2

a)\(3M+4nHNO_3-->3M\left(NO_3\right)_n+nNO+2nH_2O\)

b)

\(2M+2nH_2SO_4-->M_2\left(SO_4\right)_n+nSO_2+2nH_2O\)

c)

\(8M+30HNO_3-->8M\left(NO_3\right)_3+3N_2O+15H_2O\)

d)

\(8M+10nHNO_3-->8M\left(NO_3\right)_n+nN_2O+5nH_2O\)

e)\(\left(5x-2y\right)Fe+\left(15x-3y\right)HNO_3-->\left(5x-2y\right)Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3N_xO_y+\left(\dfrac{15x-3y}{2}\right)H_2O\)

f) \(3Fe_xO_y+\left(6x+2y\right)HNO_3-->3xFe\left(NO_3\right)_3+\left(2y-3x\right)NO+\left(3x+y\right)H_2O\)

g)\(Fe_xO_y+\left(6x-2y\right)HNO_3-->xFe\left(NO_3\right)_3+\left(3x-2y\right)NO_2+\left(3x-y\right)H_2O\) h)\(Fe_xO_y+2yHCl-->xFeCl_{\dfrac{2y}{x}}+yH_2O\)

i)\(2Fe_xO_y+2yH_2SO_4-->xFe_2\left(SO_4\right)_{\dfrac{2y}{x}}+2yH_2O\)

1.Al\(\rightarrow\)Al+3 +3e_______________.(5x-2y)

xN⁺⁵ +(5x-2y)e\(\rightarrow\)xN+\(\frac{2y}{x}\)______.3

\(\rightarrow\)(5x-2y)Al+(18x-6y)HNO3\(\rightarrow\)(5x-2y)Al(NO3)3+3NxOy+(9x-3y)H2O

2.M\(\rightarrow\)M⁺ⁿ +ne____.2

S⁺⁶ +2e\(\rightarrow\)S⁺⁴_____.n

\(\rightarrow\)2M+3nH2SO4\(\rightarrow\)2M(SO4)n+nSO2+3nH2O

3.M\(\rightarrow\)M+n +ne__________.(5x-2y)

xN+5 +(5x-2y)e\(\rightarrow\)xN+\(\frac{2y}{x}\) ____.n

\(\rightarrow\)(5x-2y)M+(6nx-2ny)HNO3\(\rightarrow\)(5x-2y)M(NO3)n+nNxOy+(3nx-ny)H2O

N⁺⁵ +3e\(\rightarrow\)N⁺² __________.1

2N⁺⁵ +8e\(\rightarrow\)2N⁺¹_________ .2

\(\rightarrow\)5N⁺⁵ +19e\(\rightarrow\)N⁺² +4N⁺¹______ .2

Zn\(\rightarrow\)Zn⁺² +2e ____________ .19

\(\rightarrow\)19Zn+48HNO3\(\rightarrow\)19Zn(NO3)2+2NO+4N2O+24H2O

2N⁺⁵ +10e\(\rightarrow\)2N0 .2

2N⁺⁵+ 8e\(\rightarrow\)2N⁺¹ .1

\(\rightarrow\)6N+5 +28e\(\rightarrow\)4N0 +2N+1 .3

Al\(\rightarrow\)Al+3 +3e _________.28

\(\rightarrow\)28Al+102HNO3\(\rightarrow\)28Al(NO3)3+6N2+3N2O+51H2O

2Fe⁺² \(\rightarrow\)2Fe⁺³ +2e .5

Mn⁺⁷ +5e\(\rightarrow\)Mn⁺² .2

\(\rightarrow\)10FeSO4+2KMnO4+2KHSO4\(\rightarrow\)5Fe2(SO4)3+2MnSO4+2K2SO4+H2O

4. (5x-2y)AL + (18x-6y)HNO3 -------> (5x-2y)AL(NO3)3 + 3NxOy +(9x-3y)H2O

5. 2M + 2nH2SO4--------> M2(SO4)n + nSO2 + 2nH2O

6. (5x-2y)M + (6nx-2ny)HNO3 -------->(5x-2y) M(NO3)n +n NxOy + (3nx-ny)H2O

7. 11Zn + 28HNO3 -------> 11Zn( NO3)2 + 2NO + 2N2O + 14H2O

8. 46AL + 168HNO3 -------;> 46AL( NO3)3 + 9N2 + 6N2O + 84H2O

9. 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 16KHSO4 ---> 5Fe2(SO4)3 +9 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O.

(1) \(K\overset{+7}{Mn}O_4+H\overset{-1}{Cl}\rightarrow KCl+\overset{+2}{Mn}Cl_2+\overset{0}{Cl_2}+H_2O\)

- Chất khử: HCl

Chất oxh: KMnO₄

- Sự oxh: \(2Cl^{-1}\rightarrow Cl_2^0+2e|\times5\)

Sự khử: \(Mn^{+7}+5e\rightarrow Mn^{+2}|\times2\)

\(\rightarrow2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)

(2) \(H\overset{+5}{N}O_3+\overset{0}{Cu}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{Cu}\left(NO_3\right)_2+\overset{+4}{N}O_2+H_2O\)

- Chất khử: Cu

Chất oxh: HNO₃

- Sự khử: \(N^{+5}+1e\rightarrow N^{+4}|\times2\)

Sự oxh: \(Cu^0\rightarrow Cu^{+2}+2e|\times1\)

\(\rightarrow4HNO_3+Cu\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NO_2+2H_2O\)

(3) \(\overset{-3}{N}H_3+\overset{0}{O_2}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{N}\overset{-2}{O}+H_2O\)

- Chất khử: NH₃

 Chất oxh: O₂

- Sự khử: \(O_2^0+4e\rightarrow2O^{-2}|\times5\)

Sự oxh: \(N^{-3}\rightarrow N^{+2}+5e|\times4\)

\(\rightarrow4NH_3+5O_2\rightarrow4NO+6H_2O\)