Câu 1:

\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{^{1500^oC,lln}}C_2H_2+3H_2\)

\(2CH\equiv CH\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}CH_2=CH-C\equiv CH\)

\(CH_2=CH-C\equiv CH+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Ni}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\)

\(nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o,p,xt}}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)

Câu 2:

\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\underrightarrow{^{t^o,CaO}}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\)

\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{^{1500^oC,lln}}C_2H_2+3H_2\)

\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)

\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_2H_5OH\)

Chọn A

Đáp án : A

Khí X gồm : 0,15 mol H₂ ; 0,15 mol C₂H₂ ; 0,45 mol CH₄

=> m_X = m_Y = 11,4g

Bảo toàn khối lượng : m_Y = m_{hc trong Br2} + m_Z

=> m_Z = 7,56g ; n_Z = 0,51 mol

=> M_Z = 14,82 => d_Z/H2 = 7,41

Chọn C.

Theo sơ đồ thì Z là buta - 1,3 - đien, X là axetilen nên Y phải là vinylaxetilen.

Chọn C.

X: CH₄; Y: C₂H₂; Z: CH₂ = CH - C ≡  CH.

Đáp án D

I)

1) 

\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2+2H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_2=CH-CH_3+CH_4\)

2)

\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\xrightarrow[]{CaO,t^o}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

3)

\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}\left(-CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2-\right)_n\)

4) 

\(C_4H_8+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_4+C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\)

II)

1)

\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CHBr_2-CBr_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CH_3-CBr_2-CBr_2-CH_3\\ CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+AgNO_3+NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3\downarrow+NH_4NO_3\)

2)

\(CH\equiv CH+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv CAg\downarrow+2NH_4NO_3\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

III)

1) \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_H=\dfrac{0,88-0,06.12}{1}=0,16\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankan}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_{ankan}=\dfrac{0,88}{0,02}=44\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CTHH của ankan là C_nH_2n+2

=> 14n + 2 = 44 => n = 3

Vậy X là C₃H₈ \(\left(CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_3:propan\right)\)

2) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,62}{18}=0,09\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=2n_{H_2O}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_C=\dfrac{1,62-0,18}{12}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankin}=n_{CO_2}-n_{H_2O}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow nM_{ankin}=\dfrac{1,62}{0,03}=54\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CTHH của ankin là C_nH_2n-2

=> 14n - 2 = 54 => n = 4

Vậy X là C₄H₆

CTCT: 

\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3:\) but-1-in

\(CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3:\) but-2-in

3)

Sửa đề: 1,17 -> 11,7

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{11,7}{18}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17,6}{44}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}>n_{CO_2}\Rightarrow\) hh thuốc dãy đồng đẳng ankan

Ta có: \(n_{hh}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo BTNT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_H=2n_{H_2O}=1,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow m_{hh}=0,4.12+1,3=6,1\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{hh}=\dfrac{6,1}{0,25}=24,4\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CT chung của hh là C_nH_2n+2

=> 14n + 2 = 24,4 => n = 1,6 

=> Hai hiđrocacbon là CH₄ và C₂H₆