Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
 
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Question 36: The word “that" in paragraph 4 refers to __________.
​A. urban expansion ​​B. socio-economic disparities
​C. disease  ​D. unsanitary conditions
Question 37:According to paragraph 3, what is one of the advantages of urbanization?
​A. It minimizes risks for economic, cultural and societal development.
​B. It makes water supply system both efficient and effective.  
​C. Weather and climate in the city will be much improved.
​D. People may come up with new ideas for innovation.
Question 38:Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
​A. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well.
​B. 54% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.
​C. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed.
​D. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty.
Question 39: The word "addressed" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
​A. aimed at ​B. dealt with ​C. added to ​D. agreed on
Question 40: What can be inferred from the passage?
​A. Poverty may be a foregone conclusion of unplanned urbanization.
​B. Diseases are caused by people migrating to cities.  
​C. Urbanization can solve the problem of environmental pollution in cities.
​D. The increasing number of people in cities can create more employment.
Question 41: Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
​A. The Risks of Rapid Urbanization in Developing Countries
​B. Infrastructure and Economic Activities in Cities
​C. The Global Risks 2015 Report on Developing Urban Areas
​D. Rapid Urbanization Put Cities in Jeopardy
Question 42: The word “spark” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.
​A. need ​B. start ​C. encourage ​D. design

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 40.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Human ancestors became predominantly right-handed when they began to use tools.

B. It is difficult to interpret the significance of anthropological evidence concerning tool use.

C. Humans and their ancestors have been predominantly right-handed for over a million years.

D. Human ancestors were more skilled at using both hands than modern humans.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 40.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. outline

B. hand

C. wall

D. paint

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Animal and plant species which pose threats to humans will die out soon.

B. Saving popular animal and plant species should be given a high priority.

C. Humans will make changes in their lifestyles to save other species.

D. The dilemma humans face between maintaining their lives and saving other species remains

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 40.

The fact that the Inuit cut meat by holding it between their teeth is significant because……

A. the relationship between handedness and scratches on fossil human teeth can be verified

B. it emphasizes the differences between contemporary humans and their ancestors

C. the scratch patterns produced by stone knives vary significantly from patterns produced by modern knives

D. it demonstrates that ancient humans were not skilled at using tools

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 40.

The word “clues” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

A. solutions

B. details

C. damage

D. informatio

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

A  : Modern life is impossible without travelling. The fastest way of travelling is by air. With a modern airliner you can travel in one day to places which it took a month or more to get to a hundred years ago.

Travelling by train is slower than by air, but it has its advantages. You can see the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars. Theymake even the longest journey enjoyable.

Some people prefer to travel by sea when it is possible. There are large liners and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different places. Travelling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.

Many people like to travel by car. You can make your own timetable. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty or one hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop wherever you wish - where there is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That is why travelling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or a plane when they are travelling on business.

1.  From the passage we know the fastest way of travelling is _______.

     A. by car               B. by train               C. by air                 D. by sea

2.  If we travel by car, we can _______.

A. make the longest journey enjoyable

B. make our own timetable

C. travel to a very far place in several minutes

D. travel only fifty or one hundred miles a day

3.  The underlined word "They" in the passage refers to _______.

A. modern trains in the country

B. the travellers on the modern trains

C. the slower ways of travelling

D. comfortable seats and dining cars

4.  When people travel on business, they usually take _______.

     A. a train or a plane                                                             B. a boat or a train

     C. a plane or a car                                D. a car or a boat

5   How many ways of travelling are mentioned in the passage?

     A. three                 B. four                    C. five                    D. six

B : Helen Keller was a very bright and beautiful girl. At the age of six months she could already say a few words. But before she was two years old, she was badly ill. She could not see or hear, and soon she could not even talk. Since then Helen had to fight for what she wanted.

When she was six, her parents invited a teacher for her. With the help of the teacher, she began to see and hear the world around her through her hands. She learned to read the books for the blind. The teacher took Helen for long walks, and told her about all the beautiful sights. Helen touched flowers, climbed trees and smelt a storm before it came. She also learned how to swim and ride a horse.

After she grew up, she became a famous writer in America. Her first and most famous book is The Story of My Life. Her story brought new hope to many blind and deaf people. It gave light to those in darkness and encouraged them to live and work.

1.  When could Helen Keller already say a few words?

     A. at the age of two                                                            B. at the age of a year and a half

     C. at the age of six months                   D. when she was six years old

2.  Why couldn’t Helen see or hear later?

     A. Helen was badly ill.                          B. She had a traffic accident.

     C. Helen was very tired.                        D. She became very lazy.

3.  How could Helen begin to see and hear the world around her?

     A. with the help of her father                 B. through her feet

     C. with the help of her parents              D. with the help of her teacher

4.  After Helen grew up, she became a famous _______.

     A. doctor               B. scientist              C. singer                 D. writer

5.  What gave light to those in darkness and encouraged them to live and work?

     A. their teacher’s help                                                         B. Helen’s story

     C. their parents’ help                                                          D. Helen’s songs

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions ..

A:  Last summer Nam, my old classmate, decided to do a three-week course in Australia because he wanted (1) ________ his English. On his first day at the language school, they (2) ____________ him a test, and the teacher told him, “We’ll put you in the top class.” He was very (3) ____________ to hear that, and, “I am sorry to say”, he proudly to tell all his friends at home, “I’m one of the best students!” But soon he was surprised to find
‎(4) _____________ difficult the class was. He was also felt homesick. “It’s hard to adapt to life in another country!” he thought. (5) ____________ the end of the three weeks, his English was much better, but he was happy to return home.

B  :  When I finished school in Germany last year, I did not know what to do next. I wanted to travel, but for that you need money. That means having a job, and without having a university degree, it is difficult to get a good one. My parents agreed I could put off (1)……………a decision about a university course for a year. Then a family in London invited me to live with them, help look (2)…………… the children and do a little housework in return for some pocket money. I (3)……..….. with this family for five months now. My main job is to meet the three children from school, give them their supper and help them with their homework (4)………… their parents come home at about six. Sometimes I must stay in with the children in the evening. I go to English classes three times a week, and at weekends I visit different parts of Britain. Although my parents are happy that I am studying a foreign language while I enjoy this chance to see more of the world, they keep (5)………… me what I want to study at university. I still cannot make up my mind!

C.  Hi. We are from Neptune, the eighth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Our planet is named (1) ___________ the Roman god of the sea. The climate here is very unfriendly, with a temperature of around -300 degrees Celsius, and the winds are very strong. Actually, we have a lot of storms here. Everything is freezing on the (2) ___________ of Neptune, so of course we don’t have liquid water. To be able to survive here, we have to build all of our cities underground, a hundred kilometers beneath the surface. Luckily, we don’t have Neptune-quakes!

Our life here is very different from your life on earth. Because it’s extremely (3) ___________ underground, we have a very good lighting system on round the clock. Every day, we need only three hours for sleep, four hours for work, and the rest of the day we (4) ___________ on our leisure activities. So life is relaxing. Most of us like traveling to other planets for new experiences. Although we are (5) ___________ than you in size, we can move very fast. In fact, we have wings, so we can fly. Thus, we don’t suffer heavy traffic like on your earth. We don’t have oxygen either, but we live on hydrogen.

1:A. for        B. in       C. after       D. to

2: A. system       B. surface       C. trace       D. trek

3: A. dark       B. bright       B. good       D. happy

4: A. explore       B. spend       C. have       D. step

5: A. most big       B. biggest       C. bigger       D. the bigger

D.  Computers are helpful in many ways. First, they are fast. They can work with information even (6) __________ than a person. Second, computers can work with a lot of information at the same time. Third, they can store information for a long time. They do not forget things that the common people do. (7) __________, computers are almost always correct. They are not perfect, but they usually do not make mistakes.

Recently, it is important (8) __________ about computers. There are a number of things to learn. Many companies have computers at work. In addition, most universities (9) __________ day and night courses in Computer Science. Another way to learn is from a bok, or from a friend. After a few hours of practice, you can (10) __________ with computers.

.

1: A. quickly       B. quiclier       C. more quickly       D. most quickly

2:A. finally       B. finish       C. final       D. finishing

3: A. know       B. knew       C. knowing       D. to know

4: A. have       B. has        C. had        D. having

5: A. do        B. play       C. get        D. work

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Life expectancy is the period of time that a person can expect to live. Life expectancy varies greatly between genders and cultures. It used to be that women had a lower life expectancy than men (1 in every 4 women died in childbirth), but now they live an average of four to five years longer than men. Life expectancy has been increasing rapidly over the last centuries. With the advent of such modern miracles as sewers, medicine and a greater understanding of how diseases are spread, our life expectancy has increased by 25-30 years.

In developing countries like Swaziland, where there is a high HIV/ AIDS rate, life expectancy is as low as 32.6 years. In developed countries like Australia, life expectancy rates are as high as 81 years. There are an increasing number of factors which can cancel out the disadvantages you have. The one that we are looking at now is how your career can affect your life expectancy. Choosing the wrong career can result in a shorter life!

If you want your career to positively influence your life expectancy, you have to be made of money. That's right. Rich people in wealthy areas of England and France live 10 years longer than the people in poorer areas. Having a successful career has its drawbacks, too if the result of hard work is stress.

Stress can lead to a number of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, tension and aggression. These conditions may result in a lack of concentration and an increase in serious injuries at work. They can also lead to high blood pressure and heart attacks which seriously affect life expectancy.

If you are worried that your job might decrease your life expectancy, you probably need to avoid careers on "dangerous jobs" list such as timber cutters, pilots, construction workers, roofer, truck drivers.

So if you don't want to kick the bucket at an early age, choose a career in something other than timber cutting, but above all, remember to relax.

From Pre-Essence Reading by Rachel Lee, Longman

Question 36: According to the passage, which of following is true if you have a successful career?

A. Your life expectancy increases by a decade.

B.You can afford to exercise and eat well.

C. You can buy an expensive car.

D. You can spend most of your day in an office.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Which of the following can result from the loss of one species in a food chain?

A. The connections among the creatures in the food chain become closer.

B. Larger predators will look for other types of prey.

C. There might be a lack of food resources for some other species.

D. Animals will shift to another food chain in the community.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Gerontologists have controlled the process of aging. 

B. Gerontologists are working hard to help people live longer and more healthily. 

C. Gerontologists are trying to give people an eternal life. 

D. Gerontologists are now able to slow down the process of aging.