\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=y^3+1\\\left(y+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)=z^3+1\\\left(z+1\right)\left(z^2+1\right)=x^3+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3+x^2+x=y^3\left(1\right)\\y^3+y^2+y=z^3\\z^3+z^2+z=x^3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giả sử \(x>y\Rightarrow x^3+x^2+x>y^3+y^2+y\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3>z^3\Leftrightarrow y>z\left(2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3+y^2+y>z^3+z^2+z\Rightarrow z>x\left(3\right)\)

Từ \(\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow y>x\) (Vô lí)

Giả sử \(x< y\Rightarrow x^3+x^2+x< y^3+y^2+y\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3< z^3\Leftrightarrow y< z\left(4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3+y^2+y< z^3+z^2+z\Rightarrow z< x\left(5\right)\)

Từ \(\left(4\right);\left(5\right)\Rightarrow y< x\) (Vô lí)

\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^2+x=x^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0\) hoặc \(x=y=z=-1\)

Lời giải:
$x,y,z>0$ thì $\frac{1}{x}, \frac{1}{y}, \frac{1}{z}$ mới xác định.

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$(x+y+z)(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z})\geq 3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}=9$

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$. Thay vào pt $(2)$:

$x^3=x^2+x+2$

$\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-x-2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2(x-2)+x(x-2)+(x-2)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+x+1)(x-2)=0$
Dễ thấy $x^2+x+1>0$ với mọi $x>0$ nên $x-2=0$

$\Rightarrow x=2$
Vậy hpt có nghiệm $(x,y,z)=(2,2,2)$

b, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=3\\y+z+t=4\\z+t+x=5\\t+x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x+y+z+y+z+t+z+t+x+t+x+y=18\)

=> \(3\left(x+y+z+t\right)=18\)

=> \(x+y+z+t=6\)

=> \(x+y+z+t=x+y+t\)

=> \(z=0\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\y+t=4\\x+t=5\\x+y+t=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\y+t=4\\x+t=5\\y+5=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=3\\t+1=4\\x+t=5\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\t=3\\x+t=5\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\\z=0\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7xy=12\left(x+y\right)\\9yz=20\left(y+z\right)\\8zx=15\left(z+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7xy-12x-12y=0\\9yz-20y-20z=0\\8zx-15z-15x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{12y}{7y-12}\\y=\frac{20z}{9z-20}\\x=\frac{15z}{8z-15}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(12y\left(8z-15\right)=15z\left(7y-12\right)\)

=> \(96yz-180y=105yz-180z\)

=> \(105yz-96yz=-180y+180z\)

=> \(9yz=-180y+180z\)

=> \(180z-180y=20y+20z\)

=> \(180z-20z=180y+20y=160z=200y\)

=> \(y=\frac{4}{5}z\)

=> \(\frac{20z}{9z-20}=\frac{4z}{5}\)

=> \(4z\left(9z-20\right)=100z\)

=> \(36z^2-180z=0\)

=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}z=5\\z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1 : z = 0 .

=> \(x=y=z=0\)

TH₂ : z = 5 .

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7xy=12\left(x+y\right)\\45y=20\left(y+5\right)\\40x=15\left(5+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=4\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\\z=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:

$\left\{\begin{matrix}x^2(y-z)=\frac{-5}{3} (1)\\ y^2(z-x)=3 (2)\\ z^2(x-y)=\frac{1}{3} (3)\end{matrix}\right.$

Ta có "vòng đặc biệt" này: $(x^2y^2-z^2x^2)+(y^2z^2-x^2y^2)+(z^2x^2-y^2z^2)=0$.

Từ đó, ta lấy: $(1).(y+z)+(2).(z+x)+(3).(x+y)=0$, ta được: $y-z=\frac{5}{2}x$.

Thế vào phương trình đầu ta được: $x=-\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{3}},\ y=-\sqrt[3]{18},\ z=-\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{12}}$.

\(hpt\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3xy=2\left(x+y\right)\\5yz=6\left(y+z\right)\\4zx=3\left(x+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\) \(là\) \(nghiệm\)

\(x=y=z\ne0\Rightarrow hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}=\dfrac{3xy}{2xy}\\\dfrac{6\left(y+z\right)}{6yz}=\dfrac{5yz}{6yz}\\\dfrac{3\left(x+z\right)}{3zx}=\dfrac{4xz}{3zx}\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{5}{6}\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(ddặt\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\b+c=\dfrac{5}{6}\\a+c=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1=\dfrac{1}{x}\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{y}\Leftrightarrow y=2\left(tm\right)\\c=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow z=3\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

TK

Hệ có nghiệm là x = y = z = 0

Với xyz ≠ 0 thì (I) được viết lại

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{y+z}{yz}=\dfrac{5}{6}\\\dfrac{z+x}{zx}=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(II\right)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{5}{6}\\\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng 3 phương trình của hệ (II) theo vế ta được

\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{11}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{11}{6}\)

Trừ phương trình trên cho từng phương trình của hệ (II) theo vế ta lần lượt có \(x=1,y=2,z=3\)

Vậy hệ phương trình có hai nghiệm \(\left(0;0;0\right)\&\left(1;2;3\right)\)