Ta có : \(\left(x-y+z\right)^2=x^2-y^2+z^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-2xy+2xz-2yz=x^2-y^2+z^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2-2xy+2xz-2yz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2y\left(y-z\right)-2x\left(y-z\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x\\y=z\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với x = y \(\Rightarrow\left(x-y+z\right)^n=z^n;x^n-y^n+z^n=z^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y+z\right)^n=x^n-y^n+z^n\) ( 1 )

Với y = z \(\Rightarrow\left(x-y+z\right)^n=x^n;x^n-y^n+z^n=x^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y+z\right)^n=x^n-y^n+z^n\) ( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) => ĐPCM

Xét \(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z=-x\\z+x=-y\\x+y=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(2-1\right)\left(2-1\right)\left(2-1\right)=1\)

Xét \(x+y+z\ne0\) thì ta có:

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=y+z+3x\\5y=z+x+3y\\5z=x+y+3z\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=y+z\\2y=z+x\\2z=x+y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(2+2\right)\left(2+2\right)\left(2+2\right)=64\)

Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=1\\A=64\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu bị lỗi thì bạn có thể xem đây nhé:

Hầy mình không nghĩ lớp 7 đã phải làm những bài biến đổi như thế này. Cái này phù hợp với lớp 8-9 hơn.

1.

Đặt $x^2-y^2=a; y^2-z^2=b; z^2-x^2=c$. 

Khi đó: $a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$

$\text{VT}=a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3$

$=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$

$=3(x^2-y^2)(y^2-z^2)(z^2-x^2)$

$=3(x-y)(x+y)(y-z)(y+z)(z-x)(z+x)$

$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$

$=3.4(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=12(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)$

Ta có đpcm.

Bài 2:

Áp dụng kết quả của bài 1:

Mẫu:

$(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1)$

Tử: 

Đặt $x-y=a; y-z=b; z-x=c$ thì $a+b+c=0$

$(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3$

$=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$

$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(2)$

Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra \(\frac{(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3}{(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3}=1\)

Đặt \(A=\frac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow F-A=\frac{x^4-y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^2-z^2}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4-x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow F=A\)

\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\frac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4+z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4+x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)^2}{2\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\frac{x^2+y^2}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{2\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{4\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{4\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

\(F_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\) khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(VP=\left(2-x\right)\left(2-z\right)\left(2-y\right)=\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(2-y\right)\le\frac{\left(x+2y+z\right)^2}{4}\left(2-y\right)\)

\(VP\le\left(x+2y+z\right).\frac{\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(2-y\right)}{4}\le\left(x+2y+z\right)\frac{\left(x+y+z+2\right)^2}{16}=x+2y+z\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=z=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)

\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)