a)

$2Al  + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Fe +2 HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
b)

A gồm : 

Dung dịch axit clohidric, nhôm clorua, sắt II clorua

c)

$m_{dd\ A} = m_{Al} + m_{Fe} + m_{dd\ HCl} - m_{H_2}$

a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

- Chất rắn không tan là Ag.

⇒ m_Ag = 5 (g)

b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{CuO}\) ⇒ 0,6 = 0,2.2 + 2n_CuO

⇒ n_CuO = 0,1 (mol) 

⇒ m = m_Fe + m_CuO + m_Ag = 0,2.56 + 0,1.80 + 5 = 24,2 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{24,2}.100\%\approx46,28\%\\\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1.80}{24,2}.100\%\approx33,06\%\\\%m_{Ag}\approx20,66\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{9,75}{65}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

         0,15-->0,3------>0,15-->0,15

=> m_HCl = 0,3.36,5 = 10,95 (g)

b)

m_ZnCl2 = 0,15.136 = 20,4 (g)

c) 

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ --t^o--> 2Fe + 3H₂O

           0,05<---0,15------->0,1

=> m_Fe2O3 = 0,05.160 = 8 (g)

m_Fe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)

a.b.\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m_{Zn}}{M_{Zn}}=\dfrac{9,75}{65}=0,15mol\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

0,15    0,3           0,15     0,15            ( mol )

\(m_{HCl}=n_{HCl}.M_{HCl}=0,3.36,5=10,95g\)

\(m_{ZnCl_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}.M_{ZnCl_2}=0,15.136-20,4g\)

c.\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)

    0,05      0,15      0,1                      ( mol )

\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}.M_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05.160=8g\)

\(m_{Fe}=n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6,72}{56}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ Mol:0,12\rightarrow0,12\rightarrow0,12\rightarrow0,12\\ V_{H_2}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ m_{FeSO_4}=0,12.152=18,24\left(g\right)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\\ Mol:0,04\leftarrow0,12\rightarrow0,08\\ m_{Fe}=0,08.56=4,48\left(g\right)\)

\(a,\) Sau phản ứng tạo khí hydrogen bay hơi

\(b,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ c,\text{Bảo toàn KL: }m_{Fe}+m_{HCl}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{H_2}\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2}=21,9+7,2-28,5=0,6\left(g\right)\\ d,\text{Số phân tử HCl : số phân tử }H_2=2:1\\ \text{Số phân tử HCl : số nguyên tử Fe }=2:1\)

Bài 1:

a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)

b, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\), ta được Fe₂O₃ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3mol\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1mol\\ 3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}Fe_3O_4\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\Rightarrow Fe.dư\\ 3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}Fe_3O_4\)

0,15       0,1         0,05

\(m_{Fe.dư}=16,8-0,15.56=8,4g\\ b.m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6g\)

Câu 2

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ R+H_2SO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_R=0,3mol\\ M_R=\dfrac{12}{0,3}=40g/mol\)

Vậy M là Canxi

a. Iron  tan dần, có khí không màu thoát ra

b. Iron + hydrochloric acid → iron (II) chloride + khí hydrogen 

c. 

Bảo toàn khối lượng : 

\(m_{Fe}+m_{HCl}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=205+0.2-5.6=199.6\left(g\right)\)

d. 

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)