Find all the examples of the past simple and the present perfect in the article. Complete the rules in the Learn this! box below with present perfect or past simple. Then underline an example of each rule in the article.

LEARN THIS! Present perfect and past simple

a. We use ¹___________ to talk about a specific occasion in the past.

b. We use ²___________ to talk about a specific period of time that is still continuing.

c. We use ³___________ to say how long a situation has existed, often with for, since, or how long.

d. We use ⁴___________to talk about an event that has a strong connection with the present, often with just, already, or yet.

e. We use ⁵___________to talk about an experience at an unspecified time in the past, often with ever or never.

7. Look at the highlighted first conditional sentence in the text in exercise 6, and read the Learn this! box below. Complete rule a with present simple and will + verb. Then find two more examples in the text.

(Nhìn vào câu điều kiện loại 1 được tô nổi lên trong bài đọc ở bài số 6, và đọc hộp Learn this! ở dưới. Hoàn thành quy tắc a với thì hiện tại đơn và will + động từ. Sau đó tìm thêm hai ví dụ khác trong bài đọc.)

LEARN THIS! The first conditional(Câu điều kiện loại 1)

a. We use the first conditional to predict the result of an action. We use the (1) _____ to describe the action, and (2) _____ to describe the result. 

If I get the job, I'll have to move to New York.

b. The if clause can come before or after the main clause. If it comes after, we don't use a comma. 

I won’t take the job if it isn't challenging enough.

Study the examples of the present perfect simple and continuous from the blog on page 32. Then complete rules 1-3.

Present perfect simple 

She has stopped off in Mexico...

“I've worked hard!”

“It hasn't always been easy or fun.”

Present perfect continuous 

Liz Clark has been living that dream…

I've been following her inspirational blog...

Adverts on Liz's blog have been paying for her trip.

Read the Recycle! box. Then listen again. Complete the sentences with the present simple form of the verbs below and adverbs of frequency.

a. Speaker 1___________ camping with his parents.

b. Speaker 2 thinks that horror films___________unrealistic and unconvincing.

c. Speaker 3 ___________ social media.

d. Speaker 4___________ things online.

e. Speaker 5___________ the guitar at school.

Read the Learn this! box. Complete the rules (a-g) with the correct tenses: present simple or present continuous.

LEARN THIS! Present simple and continuous.

We use:

a. the _______________ for habits and routines.

b. the _______________for something happening now or about now.

c. the _______________for describing annoying behaviour (with always)

d. the _______________for a permanent situation or fact.

e. the _______________for timetables and schedules.

f. the _______________for future arrangements.

g. the _______________in future time clauses (starting with when, as soon as, after, if, etc.)

3. Find examples of the present simple and present continuous in the messages in exercise 2. Then read the Learn this! box and complete the rules.

(Tìm những ví dụ về thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn trong đoạn tin nhắn trong bài 2. Sau đó đọc hộp Learn this! và hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

LEARN THIS! Present tense contrast

We use:

a. the (1) present simple for something that happens regularly, always or never.

b. the (2) _____ for something that happens at this moment.

c. the (3) _____ for something that happens around this time.

d. the (4) _____ for stating a fact.

e. the (5) _____ with certain verbs that we do not usually use in continuous tenses: believe, know, like, love, need, understand, want, etc.

f. the (6) _____ for future arrangements.

3. Read the Learn this! box and complete rule a with infinitive, past simple and would. Then find seven second conditional sentences in the dialogue in exercise 2.

(Đọc phần Learn this! và hoàn thành quy tắc a với động từ nguyên mẫu, thì quá khứ đơn và would. Sau đó, tìm bày câu điều kiện loại hai trong đoạn hội thoại ở bài tập 2.)

LEARN THIS! The second conditional

a. We use the second conditional to describe an unreal or imaginary situation and its result.

If shops didn't exist (imaginary situation), we would buy (result) everything online.

We use the (1) _____ in the if clause and we use (2) _____ + (3) _____ in the main clause. 

b. We can put the main clause first. In this case, we don't need the comma.

I'd buy you a present if I had enough money. 

c. We use could to mean would + be able to. It is also the past simple of can. 

If I won the lottery, I could stop work. 

If she could speak English, she'd get a job in the USA.

3. Read the Learn this! box. Then find the opposites of the adjectives below in the text in exercise 2.

(Đọc hộp Learn this! Sau đó tìm các tính từ bên dưới trong bài đọc trong bài 2.)

LEARN THIS! Negative prefixes: un-, in-, im-, ir-, ii- and dis- 

The prefixes un-, in-, im-, ir-, ii- and dis- are.negative. When they come before an adjective, they make its meaning opposite.

(Tiền tố un-, in-, im-, ir-, ii-, và dis- mang nghĩa phủ định. Khi chúng đi trước tính từ, nó làm chúng có nghĩa ngược lại.)

certain - uncertain (chắc chắn - không chắc chắn)

patient - impatient (kiên nhẫn - không kiên nhẫn)

honest - dishonest (chân thành - không chân thành)

responsible- irresponsible (có trách nhiệm - vô trách nhiệm)

acceptable _____

legal _____

dependent _____

likely _____

fair _____

surprising ______

honest _____

visible _____