Đề chơi căng nhỉ?

a) Dễ chứng minh VP =< 3

BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{1+a}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{1+b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{1+c}-1\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b-1}{1+a}+\frac{c-1}{1+b}+\frac{a-1}{1+c}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(b-1\right)^2}{\left(1+a\right)\left(b-1\right)}+\frac{\left(c-1\right)^2}{\left(1+b\right)\left(c-1\right)}+\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(1+c\right)\left(a-1\right)}\) >=0

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel vào VT ta có đpcm.

P/s: Èo, sao đơn giản thế nhỉ? Em có làm sai chỗ nào chăng?

èo, sai rồi:( đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1 nên cái mẫu = 0 do đó vô lí => bài em sai mất rồi:(( hicc

\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ac\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}=ab+ac+bc\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

a) Đơn giản, tự chứng minh

b) Cách 1: Áp dụng BĐT câu a: \(VT\ge\left(a^2+ab-b^2\right)+\left(b^2+bc-c^2\right)+\left(c^2+ca-a^2\right)=ab+bc+ca=VP\)(đpcm)

Cách 2:

Ta chứng minh BĐT chặt hơn: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\) (vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\))

Giả sử \(b=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\).Bằng phương pháp B-W (Buffalo way) ta phân tích được:

\(VT-VP=\frac{\left(4a^2c+4abc-b^3+3b^2c-bc^2\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)^2}{4abc}\ge0\)

P/s: Cách 2 tuy dài nhưng rất hay vì đây là phân tích bằng tay (không cần dùng phần mềm)!

Lời giải:
a)

Xét hiệu \(\frac{a^3}{b}-(a^2+ab-b^2)=(\frac{a^3}{b}-a^2)-(ab-b^2)\)

\(=\frac{a^3-a^2b}{b}-b(a-b)=\frac{a^2(a-b)}{b}-b(a-b)=(a-b)\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-b\right)\)

\(=(a-b).\frac{a^2-b^2}{b}=\frac{(a-b)^2(a+b)}{b}\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)

Do đó \(\frac{a^3}{b}\geq a^2+ab-b^2\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b$

b)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương:

\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\geq 2a^2\)

\(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\geq 2b^2\)

\(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\geq 2c^2\)

Cộng theo vế:

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ac)\)

Mà cũng theo BĐT Cauchy:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\geq \frac{2ab}{2}+\frac{2bc}{2}+\frac{2ca}{2}=ab+bc+ca\)

\( \Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ac)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)-(ab+bc+ac)=ab+bc+ac\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

By Cauchy-Schwarz, we have:

\(VT\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)

We will prove: \(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le a^3+b^3+c^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+3abc\le a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\)

By Schur, we have: \(RHS\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(a\right)\)

So we're only need to prove: \(ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\ge a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\ge3abc\)

It is true by AM-GM ineq', so we have Q.E.D.

P/s: Em thử giải bài này bằng tiếng Anh (để tự luyện kĩ năng tiếng anh, tí em giải lại theo tiếng việt)

Ấy nhầm:V

By Schur, we have \(RHS\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)

So we're only need to prove \(ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\ge a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

Còn lại y chang:v

4.

\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

5.

\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

1.

Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)

2.

\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)

3.

Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:

\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)

Áp dụng bdt AM-GM

\(\frac{a}{b^3+ab}=\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{a+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{2\sqrt{ab^2}}=\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\)\(\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+1\right)\)

CMTT, ta được

\(\frac{b}{c^3+bc}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+1\right);\frac{c}{a^3+ac}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+1\right)\)

Cộng ba bdt

VT \(\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{3}{4}\)

Quy bài toán về cm

\(\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+a\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b}+b\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c}+c\right)\ge6\) ( vì a+b+c=3)

Dễ dàng chứng minh bđt cuối bằng cách áp dụng AM-GM trực tiếp

ĐPCM

Ta có:
\(\frac{a^3b}{a^3+b^3}-\frac{ab^3}{a^3+b^3}=\frac{ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{a^3+b^3}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{a^2-ab+b^2}=\frac{a-b}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-1}\ge\frac{a-b}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{a}-1}=\frac{b\left(a-b\right)}{a}\)
\(\frac{b^3c}{b^3+c^3}-\frac{bc^3}{b^3+c^3}=\frac{bc\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{b^3+c^3}=\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{b^2-bc+c^2}=\frac{b-c}{\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}-1}\ge\frac{b-c}{\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{b}-1}=\frac{c\left(b-c\right)}{a}\)
\(\frac{c^3a}{c^3+a^3}-\frac{ca^3}{c^3+a^3}=\frac{ca\left(c^2-a^2\right)}{c^3+a^3}=\frac{ca\left(c-a\right)}{c^2-ca+a^2}=\frac{c-a}{\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}-1}\ge\frac{c-a}{\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{a}-1}=\frac{c\left(c-a\right)}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3b}{a^3+b^3}-\frac{ab^3}{a^3+b^3}+\frac{b^3c}{b^3+c^3}-\frac{bc^3}{b^3+c^3}+\frac{c^3a}{c^3+a^3}-\frac{ca^3}{c^3+a^3}\ge\frac{b\left(a-b\right)+c\left(c-a\right)+c\left(b-c\right)}{a}=\frac{ab-b^2-ac+bc}{a}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3b}{a^3+b^3}+\frac{b^3c}{b^3+c^3}+\frac{c^3a}{c^3+a^3}\ge\frac{ab^3}{a^3+b^3}+\frac{bc^3}{b^3+c^3}+\frac{ca^3}{c^3+a^3}\left(đpcm\right)\)