\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)};\dfrac{a+c}{b+c}=\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{b\left(b+c\right)}\)

Theo đề bài \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\) suy ra \(a< b\) nên \(ac< bc\). Do đó \(\dfrac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)}< \dfrac{bc}{b\left(b+c\right)}\)

Suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)

\(a,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{ad}{bd}\) và \(\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{bc}{bd}\). Do \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\).

Suy ra \(ad< bc\)

\(b,\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) suy ra \(ad< bc\). Do đó \(ab+ad< ab+bc\) nên \(a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\) 

Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}.\) Từ \(ad< bc\) ta cũng có \(ad+cd< bc+cd\) nên \(\left(a+c\right)d< \left(b+d\right)c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(1,a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b-c\Leftrightarrow a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2=a^2-2bc\)

Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=c^2-2ab\\c^2+a^2=b^2-2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ac}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc+3abc}{2abc}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{2abc}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

a: Gọi phân số cần tìm có dạng là \(\dfrac{a}{b}\left(b\ne0\right)\)

Theo đề, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)

=>\(0,\left(3\right)< \dfrac{a}{b}< 0,5\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=0,4;\dfrac{a}{b}=0,42\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{2}{5};\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{21}{25}\)

Vậy: Hai phân số cần tìm là \(\dfrac{2}{5};\dfrac{21}{25}\)

b: a/b<1

=>a<b

=>\(a\cdot c< b\cdot c\)

=>\(a\cdot c+ab< b\cdot c+ab\)

=>\(a\left(c+b\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)

          \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)

          \(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{b}{d}\)

   \(\dfrac{a}{c}\)  =  \(\dfrac{5a}{5c}\) = \(\dfrac{3b}{3d}\) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

      \(\dfrac{a}{c}\) =   \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) (1) 

       \(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)  (2)

Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có:

       \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) =  \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\) 

⇒   \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}\) =  \(\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\) (đpcm)

b;   \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) 

      \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) =  \(\dfrac{3a}{3b}\) = \(\dfrac{2c}{2d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

     \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{3a+2c}{3b+2d}\) (đpcm)

`1/a+1/b+1/c=1/(a+b+c)`

`<=>(a+b)/(ab)+(a+b)/(c(a+b+c))=0`

`<=>(a+b)(ab+ac+bc+c^2)=0`

`<=>(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)=0`

`=>` $\left[ \begin{array}{l}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{array} \right.$

`=>` PT luôn tồn tại 2 số đối nhau