3/ Ta có:

\(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)

\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

Ta có:

\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)

\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)

1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2-2\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2-2\left(\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2\)

=> \(A=\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2}\)

\(=\left|\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right|\)

Vì a,b,c là các số hữu tỉ => \(\left|\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right|\)là một số hữu tỉ

=> A là một số hữu tỉ

ta có \(\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2=\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right)\)

= \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\)= A²

vậy A = \(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)là một số hữu tỉ

Thấy bài này chưa ai lm đúng nên cho e ké ạ:((

Đặt \(a-b=c;b-c=y;c-a=z\) khi đó \(x+y+z=0\)

Ta có:\(A=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)\)

\(A^2=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow A^2=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\) là số hữu tỉ.

Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y\Rightarrow c-a=x-y\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{y^2\left(x+y\right)^2+x^2\left(x+y\right)^2+x^2y^2}{x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x^4+y^4+2xy^3+2x^3y+3x^2y^2}{x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)^2}{x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)^2}}=\left|\frac{x^2+y^2+xy}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\right|\) là một số hữu tỉ (ĐPCM)

3)

Ta có : \(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca\)

\(=a.\left(a+b\right)+c.\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)

Tương tự ta có : \(b^2+1=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(c^2+1=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

Khi đó :

\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) là một số hữu tỉ với a,b,c hữu tỉ.

Câu hỏi của Phạm Quang Dương - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath

Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y;c-a=z\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)

Ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ

\(A=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\) thì phải?

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