Kiểm tra lại đề câu a, \(...+24\) thì pt vô nghiệm, phải là \(...-24\) mới có lý

b/ \(x^2-\left(y+1\right)x+y^2-y-2=0\) (1)

\(\Delta=\left(y+1\right)^2-4\left(y^2-y-2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3y^2+6y+9\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-1\le y\le3\Rightarrow y=\left\{-1;0;1;2;3\right\}\)

Thay lần lượt vào pt ban đầu để tìm x nguyên

ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(x^2+8x\right)+\left(14-2\sqrt{x^2+8x}\right)x-14\sqrt{x^2+8x}+24=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+8x}=a\ge0\) pt trở thành:

\(x^2+a^2+\left(14-2x\right)x-14a+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2ax+a^2+14\left(x-a\right)+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a\right)^2+14\left(x-a\right)+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a+2\right)\left(x-a+12\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=x+2\\a=x+12\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+8x}=x+2\left(x\ge-2\right)\\\sqrt{x^2+8x}=x+12\left(x\ge-12\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+8x=x^2+4x+4\\x^2+8x=x^2+24x+144\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(1\le x\le7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{7-x}-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(7-x\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{7-x}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{7-x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{7-x}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=7-x\\x-1=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b. ĐKXĐ: ...

Biến đổi pt đầu:

\(x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)^2=\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{x}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2-b^4=b-a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2\left(a+b\right)+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y-1}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)

Thế vào pt dưới:

\(3\sqrt{5-x}+3\sqrt{5x-4}=2x+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{5x-4}\right)+7-x-3\sqrt{5-x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{x^2-5x+4}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{1}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

câu a:

\(8x^2-6x+3-2x=\left(2x-1\right)\sqrt{8x^2-6x+3}\)

đặt \(t=\sqrt{8x^2-6x+3}\Leftrightarrow t^2=8x^2-6x+3\)phương trình trở thành

\(t^2-2x=\left(2x-1\right)t\Leftrightarrow t^2-\left(2x-1\right)t-2x=0\)

có \(\Delta=\left(2x-1\right)^2+8x=\left(2x+1\right)^2\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=-1\\t=2x\end{cases}}\)

1. \(t=-1\Rightarrow8x^2-6x+3=1\Leftrightarrow8x^2-6x+2=0VN\)
2. \(t=2x\Rightarrow8x^2-6x+3=4x^2\Leftrightarrow4x^2-6x+3=0VN\)

Câu b:

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+1}\Leftrightarrow t^2=x^2+1\left(t>0\right)\)

PT\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-\left(x+3\right)t+3x=0\)

có :\(\Delta=\left(x+3\right)^2-4.3x=\left(x-3\right)^2\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=3\\t=x\end{cases}}\)

1. \(t=3\Rightarrow9=x^2+1\Leftrightarrow x^2=8\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\sqrt{2}\\x=-2\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
2. \(t=x\Leftrightarrow x^2=x^2+1VN\)

Hình như đề bị sai hay sao ý. Tui nghĩ đề vậy nè:

Giải phương trình: \(\left(x+3\right)\sqrt{-x^2-x+48}=x-24\)

Đặt: \(u=\sqrt{-x^2-x+48}\) và \(v=x+3\left(u\ge0\right)\) ta suy ra:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^2+v^2=-2x+57\\2ucv=2x-48\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left(u+v\right)^2=9\Rightarrow u+v=\pm3\)

+ Nếu \(u+v=3\) ta có:

\(\sqrt{-x^2-x+48}=-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\2x^2+8x-48=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2-2\sqrt{7}\)

+ Nếu \(u+v=-3\) ta có:

\(\sqrt{-x^2-x+48}=-x-6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le-6\\2x^2+8x-48=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-5-\sqrt{31}\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm: \(\left\{x=-2-2\sqrt{7};-5-\sqrt{31}\right\}\)

Điều kiện: \(\ - {x^2} - 8x + 48 \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow \left( {x - 4} \right)\left( {x + 12} \right) \le 0 \Leftrightarrow - 12 \le x \le 4.\)

\(\ PT \Leftrightarrow \left( {x + 3} \right)\sqrt { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} = - \dfrac{1}{2}{\left( {x + 3} \right)^2} - \dfrac{1}{2}\left( { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} \right) + \dfrac{9}{2}.\)

\(\ \Leftrightarrow {\left( {x + 3 + \sqrt { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} } \right)^2} = {3^2} \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} \sqrt { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} = - x\\ \sqrt { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} = - x - 6 \end{array} \right.\)

- Nếu \(\ \sqrt { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} = - x \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} - 12 \le x \le 0\\ {x^2} + 4x - 24 = 0 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x = - 2\sqrt 7 - 2.\)

- Nếu \(\ \sqrt { - {x^2} - 8x + 48} = - x - 6 \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} - 12 \le x \le - 6\\ {x^2} + 10x - 6 = 0 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x = - \sqrt {31} - 5.\)

Vậy \(\ T = \left\{ { - \sqrt {31} - 5; - 2\sqrt 7 - 2} \right\}.\)

Bài 1:

ĐK:...........

PT\((1)\Rightarrow x+y+2\sqrt{(x+y)(x-y)}+x-y=16\) (bình phương 2 vế)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2-y^2}=8-x\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 8-x\geq 0\\ x^2-y^2=(8-x)^2=x^2-16x+64\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\leq 8\\ y^2=16x-64\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay vào PT(2) ta có:

\(x^2+16x-64=128\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+16x-192=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=8\\ x=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(x=8\Rightarrow y^2=16x-64=64\Rightarrow y=\pm 8\) (thỏa mãn)

Nếu $x=-24\Rightarrow y^2=16x-64< 0$ (vô lý-loại)

Vậy $(x,y)=(8,\pm 8)$

Bài 2:

Ta thấy:

\(x^2-4x+11=(x^2-4x+4)+7=(x-2)^2+7\geq 0, \forall x\)

\(x^4-8x^2+21=(x^4-8x^2+16)+5=(x^2-4)^2+5\geq 5, \forall x\)

Do đó:

\((x^2-4x+11)(x^4-8x^2+21)\geq 7.5=35\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-2)^2=(x^2-4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vậy.......