\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}{{16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}.\left( {\frac{1}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} + \frac{1}{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}} + \frac{1}{{1 - 4{{\rm{x}}^2}}}} \right)\\ = \frac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}{{16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}.\frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 1 + 2{\rm{x}} + 1 - 1}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4{\rm{x + 1}}} \right)}}.\frac{{4{\rm{x}} - 1}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}} + 1}}\\b)\left( {\frac{{x + y}}{{xy}} - \frac{2}{x}} \right).\frac{{{x^3}{y^3}}}{{{x^3} - {y^3}}}\\ = \frac{{x + y - 2y}}{{xy}}.\frac{{{x^3}{y^3}}}{{{x^3} - {y^3}}}\\ = \frac{{\left( {x - y} \right).{x^3}{y^3}}}{{xy\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}} = \frac{{{x^2}{y^2}}}{{{x^2} + xy + y{}^2}}\end{array}\)

\(a)\frac{1}{{xy}} + \frac{1}{{yz}} + \frac{1}{{z{\rm{x}}}} = \frac{z}{{xyz}} + \frac{x}{{xyz}} + \frac{y}{{xyz}} = \frac{{z + x + y}}{{xyz}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}b)\frac{x}{{2{\rm{x}} - y}} + \frac{y}{{2{\rm{x}} + y}} + \frac{{3{\rm{x}}y}}{{{y^2} - 4{{\rm{x}}^2}}}\\ = \frac{x}{{2{\rm{x}} - y}} + \frac{y}{{2{\rm{x}} + y}} - \frac{{3{\rm{x}}y}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - {y^2}}}\\ = \frac{{x\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right) + y\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)  - 3{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + xy + 2{\rm{x}}y - {y^2} - 3{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)}} = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - {y^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)}}\end{array}\)

a) Ta có: \(\frac{5}{{2 - x}} = \frac{{ - 5}}{{x - 2}}\)

\({x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4 = {\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

\(MTC = \left( {x + 2} \right){\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của x+2 là \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của\({x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4\)  là \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của x - 2 là (x+2)(x−2)

Nhân cả tử và mẫu của mỗi phân thức với nhân tử phụ tương ứng, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{{x + 2}} = \frac{{{{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right){{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} - 4{\rm{x  -  4}}}} = \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right){{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{5}{{2 - x}} = \frac{{ - 5\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right){{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)

b) Ta có: 3x+3y=3(x+y)

            \({x^2} - {y^2} = \left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x + y} \right)\)

            \({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} = {\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)

\(MTC = 3\left( {x + y} \right){\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của 3x+3y là: \({\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của \({x^2} - {y^2}\) là: 3(x−y)

Nhân tử phụ của \({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}\) là: 3(x+y)

Nhân cả tử và mẫu của mỗi phân thức với nhân tử phụ tương ứng, ta có: 

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} + 3y}} = \frac{{{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right){{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{{2{\rm{x}}}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \frac{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right){{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{{{x^2} - xy + {y^2}}}{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}}} = \frac{{3\left( {{x^2} - xy + {y^2}} \right)\left( {x + y} \right)}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right){{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)

\(a)\left( { - \frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{5{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}} \right):\left( { - \frac{{5{y^2}}}{{12{\rm{x}}y}}} \right) = \frac{{ - 3{\rm{x}}}}{{5{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}.\frac{{ - 12{\rm{x}}y}}{{5{y^2}}} = \frac{{36{{\rm{x}}^2}y}}{{25{\rm{x}}{y^4}}}\)

b) \(\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}-1}{8{{\text{x}}^{3}}-1}:\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+4\text{x}+1}{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1}=\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}-1}{8{{\text{x}}^{3}}-1}.\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1}{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+4\text{x}+1}\)

\(=\frac{\left( 2\text{x}-1 \right)\left( 2\text{x}+1 \right)\left( 4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1 \right)}{\left( 2\text{x}-1 \right)\left( 4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1 \right){{\left( 2\text{x}+1 \right)}^{2}}}=\frac{1}{2\text{x}+1}\).

a) \(y' = 2.3{{\rm{x}}^2} - \frac{1}{2}.2{\rm{x}} + 4.1 - 0 = 6{{\rm{x}}^2} - x + 4\).

b) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }.\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2{\rm{x}} + 8 + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{5}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

c) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right){{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 2} \right)\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\) \( = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} + 2 - {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

d) \(y' = {\left( {\sqrt 5 .\sqrt x } \right)^\prime } = \sqrt 5 .\frac{1}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{{\sqrt 5 }}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{5}{{2\sqrt {5x} }}\).

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{1}{x} + \frac{2}{{x + 1}} + \frac{3}{{x + 2}} - \frac{1}{x} - \frac{2}{{x - 1}} - \frac{3}{{x + 2}}\\ = \left( {\frac{1}{x} - \frac{1}{x}} \right) + \left( {\frac{2}{{x + 1}} - \frac{2}{{x - 1}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{3}{{x + 2}} - \frac{3}{{x + 2}}} \right)\\ = 0 + \frac{2}{{x + 1}} - \frac{2}{{x - 1}} + 0\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x - 1} \right) - 2\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = \frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 2 - 2{\rm{x}} - 2}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = \frac{{ - 4}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}b)\frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{x} + \frac{{1 - x}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} + \frac{3}{{{x^2} - 9}} + \frac{{1 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{x} + \frac{{x - 1}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} - \frac{3}{{x + 3}}\\ = \left( {\frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{x} + \frac{{1 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{x}} \right) + \left( {\frac{{1 - x}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} + \frac{{x - 1}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{3}{{{x^2} - 9}} - \frac{3}{{x + 3}}} \right)\\ = 0 + 0 + \frac{3}{{\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}} - \frac{3}{{x + 3}}\\ = \frac{{3 - 3\left( {x - 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{12 - 3{\rm{x}}}}{{\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}}\end{array}\)

\(a)\frac{x}{{x + y}}.\frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 2y}}{{3{\rm{x}}y}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y}}{{3{\rm{x}}y(x + y)}}\\ = \frac{{2{\rm{x}}(x + y)}}{{3{\rm{x}}y(x + y)}} = \frac{{2{\rm{x}}}}{{3{\rm{x}}y}}\end{array}\)

\(b)\frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}.\frac{{ - 2{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = \frac{{3{\rm{x}}( - 2{\rm{x}} + 1)}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}(4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 3{\rm{x}}}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}(2{\rm{x}} + 1)}}\end{array}\)

a) Đây là kết luận đúng vì: \( - 6.2{y^2} =  - 3y.4y\)

b) Đây là kết luận đúng vì: \(5{\rm{x}}\left( {x + 3} \right) = 5\left( {{x^2} + 3{\rm{x}}} \right) = 5{{\rm{x}}^2} + 15{\rm{x}}\)

c) Đây là kết luận đúng vì: \(3{\rm{x}}\left( {4{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\left( {1 - 4{\rm{x}}} \right) = 3{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - 16{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right) =  - 3{\rm{x}}\left( {16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1} \right)\)

a)

\(\frac{1}{{x - 2}} - \frac{1}{{x + 1}} = \frac{{x + 1}}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} - \frac{{x - 2}}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}\)

\(= \frac{{x + 1 - x + 2}}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{3}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{12}}{{{x^2} - 9}} - \frac{2}{{x - 3}} = \frac{{12}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}} - \frac{2}{{x - 3}}\\ = \frac{{12}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}} - \frac{{2\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}} = \frac{{12 - 2{\rm{x}} - 6}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{6 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}} = \frac{{ - 2\left( {x - 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}} = \frac{{ - 2}}{{x + 3}}\end{array}\)

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{{xy - {x^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{y^2} - xy}} = \frac{1}{{x\left( {y - x} \right)}} - \frac{1}{{y\left( {y - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{y}{{xy\left( {y - x} \right)}} - \frac{x}{{xy\left( {y - x} \right)}} = \frac{{y - x}}{{xy\left( {y - x} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{xy}}\end{array}\)

d)

 \(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{2{\rm{x}}}}{{{x^2} - 1}} - \frac{3}{{2 + 2{\rm{x}}}} + \frac{1}{{2 - 2{\rm{x}}}}\\ = \frac{{2{\rm{x}}}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} - \frac{3}{{2\left( {x + 1} \right)}} - \frac{1}{{2{\rm{x}} - 2}}\\ = \frac{{2{\rm{x}}}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} - \frac{{3\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{2\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}} - \frac{1}{{2\left( {x - 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{{\rm{4x}}}}{{2\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} - \frac{{3\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{2\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}} - \frac{{1\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{2\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{{\rm{4x}} - 3{\rm{x}} + 3 - x - 1}}{{2\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{2}{{2\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}\end{array}\)