a) \({\left( {2x + 1} \right)^4} = {\left( {2x} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {2x} \right)^3}{.1^1} + 6.{\left( {2x} \right)^2}{.1^2} + 4.\left( {2x} \right){.1^3} + {1^4} = 16{x^4} + 32{x^3} + 24{x^2} + 8x + 1\)

b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {3y - 4} \right)^4} = {\left[ {3y + \left( { - 4} \right)} \right]^4} = {\left( {3y} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {3y} \right)^3}.\left( { - 4} \right) + 6.{\left( {3y} \right)^2}.{\left( { - 4} \right)^2} + 4.{\left( {3y} \right)^1}{\left( { - 4} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 4} \right)^4}\\ = 81{y^4} - 432{y^3} + 864{y^2} - 768y + 256\end{array}\)

c) \({\left( {x + \frac{1}{2}} \right)^4} = {x^4} + 4.{x^3}.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^1} + 6.{x^2}.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} + 4.x.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^3} + {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^4} = {x^4} + 2{x^3} + \frac{3}{2}{x^2} + \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{{16}}\)

d) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4} = {\left[ {x + \left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)} \right]^4} = {x^4} + 4.{x^3}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^1} + 6.{x^2}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2} + 4.x.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3} + {\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4}\\ = {x^4} - \frac{4}{3}{x^3} + \frac{2}{3}{x^2} - \frac{4}{27}x + \frac{1}{{81}}\end{array}\)

a) \({\left( {3x + y} \right)^4} = {\left( {3x} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {3x} \right)^3}y + 6.{\left( {3x} \right)^2}{y^2} + 4.\left( {3x} \right){y^3} + {y^4}\)

\( = 81{x^4} + 108{x^3}y + 54{x^2}{y^2} + 12x{y^3} + {y^4}\)

b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - \sqrt 2 } \right)^5} = \left( {x + (-\sqrt 2) } \right)^5 ={x^5} + 5.{x^4}.\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right) + 10.{x^3}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 10.{x^2}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + 5.x.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} + 1.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} - 5\sqrt 2 .{x^4} + 20{x^3} - 20\sqrt 2 .{x^2} + 20x - 4\sqrt 2 \end{array}\)

a) \({\left( {4y - 1} \right)^4} = {\left[ {4y + \left( { - 1} \right)} \right]^4} = 256{y^4} - 256{y^3} + 96{y^2} - 16y + 1\)

b) \({\left( {3x + 4y} \right)^5} = 243{x^5} + 1620{x^4}y + 4320{x^3}{y^2} + 5760{x^2}{y^3} + 3840x{y^4} + 1024{y^5}\)

a) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có

          \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\\ = \left[ {{2^4} + {{6.2}^2}.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^4}} \right] + \left[ {{{4.2}^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + 4.2.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}} \right]\\ = 68 + 48\sqrt 2 \end{array}\)

b) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có

          \({\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\)

          \({\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = \left( {2 +(- \sqrt 2 )} \right)^4= {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\)

Từ đó,

          \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} + {\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = 2\left[ {{2^4} + {{6.2}^2}.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^4}} \right]\\ = 2\left( {16 + 48 + 4} \right) = 136\end{array}\)

c) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có

          \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {1 - \sqrt 3 } \right)^5} = \left( {1 +(- \sqrt 3 )} \right)^5=  1 + 5.\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right) + 10.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^2} + 10.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^3} + 5.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^4} + 1.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^5}\\ = \left[ {1 + 10.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^2} + 5.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^4}} \right] + \left[ {5.\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right) + 10.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^3} + 1.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^5}} \right]\\ = 76 - 44\sqrt 3 \end{array}\)

a. (2x+3y)²= (2x)²+2.2x.3y+(3y)²

=4x²+12xy+9y²

b. 2(\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)x²+y)(x²-2y)

=(x²+2y)(x²-2y)

=x⁴-4y²

c, (x+y+z)²= [(x+y)+z]²

=(x+y)²+2(x+y)z+z²

=x²+2xy+y²+2xz+2yz+z²

=x²+y²+z²+2xy+2yz+2xz

a) \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^4}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^4} + 4{x^3}.\left( { - 2} \right) + 6{x^2}.{\left( { - 2} \right)^2} + 4x{\left( { - 2} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 2} \right)^4}\\ = {x^4} - 8{x^3} + 24{x^2} - 32x + 16\end{array}\)

b) \({\left( {x + 2y} \right)^5}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^5} + 5.{x^4}.\left( {2y} \right) + 10.{x^3}.{\left( {2y} \right)^2} + 10.{x^2}.{\left( {2y} \right)^3} + 5.x.{\left( {2y} \right)^4} + 1.{\left( {2y} \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} + 10{x^4}y + 40{x^3}{y^3} + 80{x^2}{y^3} + 80x{y^4} + 32{y^5}\end{array}\)

\(a.\left(2xy-3\right)^2=4x^2y^2-12xy+9\)

\(b.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{9}\)

a) (2xy)²-2(2xy-3)+3²

a) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {a - \frac{b}{2}} \right)^4} = C_4^0.{a^4}{\left( { - \frac{b}{2}} \right)^0} + C_4^1.{a^3}\left( { - \frac{b}{2}} \right) + C_4^2.{a^2}{\left( { - \frac{b}{2}} \right)^2} + C_4^3.a{\left( { - \frac{b}{2}} \right)^3} + C_4^4.{a^0}{\left( { - \frac{b}{2}} \right)^4}\\ = {a^4} - 2{a^3}b + \frac{3}{2}{a^2}{b^2} - \frac{1}{2}a{b^3} + \frac{1}{16}{b^4}\end{array}\)

b) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2{x^2} + 1} \right)^5} = C_5^0.{\left( {2{x^2}} \right)^5}{.1^0}  + C_5^1.{\left( {2{x^2}} \right)^4}.1 + C_5^2.{\left( {2{x^2}} \right)^3}{.1^2} + C_5^3.{\left( {2{x^2}} \right)^2}{.1^3} + C_5^4.\left( {2{x^2}} \right){.1^4} +C_5^5.{\left( {2{x^2}} \right)^0} {.1^5}\\ = 32{x^{10}} + 80{x^8} + 80{x^6} + 40{x^4} + 10{x^2} + 1\end{array}\).

b: Ta có: \(\left(4x-y\right)\left(4x+y\right)-2\left(3x-2y\right)^2+\left(x-3y\right)^2\)

\(=16x^2-y^2-2\left(9x^2-12xy+4y^2\right)+x^2-6xy+9y^2\)

\(=17x^2-6xy+8y^2-18x^2+24xy-8y^2\)

\(=-x^2+18xy\)

c: Ta có: \(\left(2a-3b+4c\right)\left(2a-3b-4c\right)\)

\(=\left(2a-3b\right)^2-16c^2\)

\(=4a^2-12ab+9b^2-16c^2\)