Trước hết, với \(a+b+c=1\) ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

\(\ge2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)

Từ đó:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{a^2b}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^2c}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^2a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

em cảm ơn thầy nhiều ạ !

#)Giải :

Ta có : \(a+b+c=2p\)

\(\Rightarrow b+c=2p-a\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2=\left(2p-a\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=4p^2-4pa+a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2bc+b^2+c^2-a^2=4p\left(p-a\right)\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}\Rightarrow c^2=ab\).

\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a^2+ab}{b^2+ab}=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)}{b\left(b+a\right)}=\frac{a}{b}\)

Ta có :

\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{c^2}{b^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c^2+b^2}\)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{b}=\left(\frac{a}{c}\right)^2\)

Mà \(\frac{a^2+c^2}{c^2+b^2}=\left(\frac{a}{c}\right)^2=\frac{a}{b}\). Vậy \(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a}{b}\)

Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

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