Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during campaigns presidential knows, these polls have become an important part of...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during campaigns presidential knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.
North Americans are familiar with the many “person on the street” interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the news people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject’s underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent
It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated with questionnaires is that
A. respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
B. respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
C. questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
D. questionnaires are often difficult to read
Đáp án: B
Bài nghe:M = Man
W = Woman
M Have you seen this story in the newspaper?
W Which one?
M The one about Sabine Moreau, a woman from Belgium. It’s quite funny. Listen to this: ‘When 67-year-old Sabine Moreau got in her car and set off from her home in Belgium, she was planning to pick up a friend from a station about60 km away. She used her satnav to guide her and did not notice when the satnav started taking her in the wrong direction. She ended up about 1500 km away in Croatia, having travelled through six different countries!’ The journey took two and a half days, it says here.
W That’s amazing. What did she do when she got to Croatia?
M She had to drive all the way home again!
W I reckon she just wanted to spend a couple of days on her own. I mean, I don’t think you can drive across six countries by mistake! Did anyone notice that she was missing?
M Er... yes, they did. It says here: ‘During that time, Ms Moreau’s son contacted the police and told them that his mother haddisappeared. When reporters asked Ms Moreau about her mistake, she told them that she had had a few things to think about and hadn’t really noticed what was happening.’
W That’s what she says now. But in my view, she invented the whole story about the satnav.
M I’m not sure. I expect hundreds of people end up in completely the wrong place because of their satnav. When you’re following a satnav, you stop thinking for yourself.
W I know ... but you don’t drive for two and half days. That’s ridiculous!
Tạm dịch:
M = Người đàn ông
W = Người phụ nữ
M Bạn đã thấy câu chuyện này trên báo chưa?
W Chuyện gì?
M Câu chuyện về Sabine Moreau, một phụ nữ đến từ Bỉ. Nó khá buồn cười. Nghe này: ‘Khi Sabine Moreau, 67 tuổi, lên ô tô và khởi hành từ nhà ở Bỉ, bà định đón một người bạn ở một nhà ga cách đó khoảng 60 km. Cô ấy đã sử dụng vệ tinh định vị để dẫn đường cho mình và không để ý rằng vệ tinh bắt đầu đưa cô đi sai hướng từ khi nào. Cô ấy kết thúc ở Croatia cách đó khoảng 1500 km, sau khi đi qua sáu quốc gia khác nhau!’ Cuộc hành trình mất hai ngày rưỡi, nó nói ở đây.
W Đáng kinh ngạc đấy. Cô ấy đã làm gì khi đến Croatia?
M Cô ấy phải lái xe về nhà một lần nữa!
W Tôi nghĩ cô ấy chỉ muốn dành vài ngày cho riêng mình. Ý tôi là, tôi không nghĩ bạn có thể lái xe qua sáu quốc gia do nhầm lẫn! Ủa rồi có ai nhận ra là cô ấy đã mất tích không vậy?
M Er... Có đấy. Nó nói ở đây: 'Trong thời gian đó, con trai của bà Moreau đã liên lạc với cảnh sát và nói với họ rằng mẹ anh ta đã biến mất. Khi các phóng viên hỏi Moreau về sự nhầm lẫn của mình, cô ấy nói với họ rằng cô ấy không suy nghĩ gì nhiều và không thực sự nhận ra điều gì đang diễn ra.’
W Đó là những gì cô ấy nói bây giờ. Nhưng theo quan điểm của tôi thì chắc là cô ấy đã bịa ra toàn bộ câu chuyện về định vị vệ tinh.
M Cũng không chắc. Tôi đoán là có hàng trăm người đi nhầm chỗ vì định vị vệ tinh của họ. Khi bạn đang theo dõi định vị vệ tinh, bạn sẽ chả nghĩ được gì nữa luôn.
W Tôi biết... nhưng bạn không thể nào lái xe trong hai ngày rưỡi được. Thật nực cười!