a) P = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁰¹

= (1 + 3 + 3²) + (3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) + ... + (3⁹⁹ + 3¹⁰⁰ + 3¹⁰¹)

= 13 + 3³.(1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + 3⁹⁹.(1 + 3 + 3²)

= 13 + 3³.13 + ... + 3⁹⁹.13

= 13.(1 + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁹) ⋮ 13

Vậy P ⋮ 13

b) B = 1 + 2² + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁰

= (1 + 2² + 2⁴) + (2⁶ + 2⁸ + 2¹⁰) + ... + (2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁸ + 2²⁰²⁰)

= 21 + 2⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴) + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴)

= 21 + 2⁶.21 + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.21

= 21.(1 + 2⁶ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶) ⋮ 21

Vậy B ⋮ 21

c) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰

= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)

= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)

= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30

= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)

= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

d) A = 1 + 4 + 4² + ... + 4⁹⁸

= (1 + 4 + 4²) + (4³ + 4⁴ + 4⁵) + ... + (4⁹⁷ + 4⁹⁸ + 4⁹⁹)

= 21 + 4³.(1 + 4 + 4²) + ... + 4⁹⁷.(1 + 4 + 4²)

= 21 + 4³.21 + ... + 4⁹⁷.21

= 21.(1 + 4³ + ... + 4⁹⁷) ⋮ 21

Vậy A ⋮ 21

e) A = 11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + ... + 11 + 1

= (11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + 11⁶ + 11⁵) + (11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1)

= 11⁵.(11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1) + 16105

= 11⁵.16105 + 16105

= 16105.(11⁵ + 1)

= 5.3221.(11⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

`#3107.101107`

\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\)

$A = (1 + 3 + 3^2) + (3^3 + 3^4 + 3^5) + ... + (3^{99} + 3^{100} + 3^{101}$

$A = (1 + 3 + 3^2) + 3^3 (1 + 3 + 3^2)  + ... + 3^{99}(1 + 3 + 3^2)$

$A = (1 + 3 + 3^2)(1 + 3^3 + ... + 3^{99})$

$A = 13(1 + 3^3 + ... + 3^{99})$

Vì `13(1 + 3^3 + ... + 3^{99}) \vdots 13`

`\Rightarrow A \vdots 13`

Vậy, `A \vdots 13.`

\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{101}\\=(1+3+3^2)+(3^3+3^4+3^5)+(3^6+3^7+3^8)+...+(3^{99}+3^{100}+3^{101})\\=13+3^3\cdot(1+3+3^2)+3^6\cdot(1+3+3^2)+...+3^{99}\cdot(1+3+3^2)\\=13+3^3\cdot13+3^6\cdot13+...+3^{99}\cdot13\\=13\cdot(1+3^3+3^6+...+3^{99})\)

Vì \(13\cdot(1+3^3+3^6...+3^{99}\vdots13\)

nên \(A\vdots13\)

\(\text{#}Toru\)

Số các số hạng là: 101 – 0 + 1 = 102 số.
Ta nhận thấy:
1 + 3 + 32 = 1 + 3 + 9 = 13;
33 + 34 + 35 = 33(1 + 3 + 32) = 33.13;
…
Mà 102 có tổng các chữ số là 1 + 0 + 2 = 3 chia hết cho 3 nên 102 chia hết cho 3, nghĩa là:
A = (1 + 3 + 32) + (33 + 34 + 35) + … + (399 + 3100 + 3101)
= (1 + 3 + 32) + 33(1 + 3 + 32) + … + 399(1 + 3 + 32)
= 13 + 33.13 + … + 399.13
= 13.(1 + 33 + … + 399) chia hết cho 13.
Vậy A chia hết cho 13.

\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\)
\(=>3A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{102}\)
\(=>3A-A=\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{102}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\right)\)
\(=>2A=3^{102}-1\)
\(=>A=\dfrac{3^{102}-1}{2}\)

\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+...+\left(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{97}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(3+3^4+...+3^{97}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=13\left(3+3^4+...+3^{97}\right)⋮13\)

\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\\ 3A-A=3^{99}-1\\ A=\dfrac{3^{99}-1}{2}\)

Dịch ra là: Ta có: 3A = 3. (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 399 + 3100) (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 399 + 3100) 3A = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3100 + 31013 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3100 + 3101 Suy ra: 3A - A = (3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3100 + 3101) - (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 399 + 3100) (3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3100 + 3101) - (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 399 + 3100) ⇒⇒ A = 3101−123101−12 Vậy A = 3101−12

Mà đoạn 2A sai nhé bạn, sửa lại:

2A = 3101−13101−1 2A=-10001

A=-10001/2

A=-5000,5

Vậy A=-5000,5

\(3+3^2+...+3^{2022}\)

\(=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2020}+3^{2021}+3^{2022}\right)\)

\(=3\cdot\left(1+3+9\right)+3^4\cdot\left(1+3+9\right)+...+3^{2020}\cdot\left(1+3+9\right)\)

\(=3\cdot13+3^4\cdot13+...+3^{2020}\cdot13\)

\(=13\cdot\left(3+3^4+...+3^{2020}\right)\) ⋮ 13 

Vậy....