a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1

b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)

Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)

Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:

\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Nếu có 2 số đồng thời bằng 0 BĐT tương đương \(0\le\dfrac{3}{4}\) hiển nhiên đúng

Nếu ko có 2 số nào đồng thời bằng 0:

\(VT=\dfrac{bc}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{ca}{a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{ab}{a^2+c^2+b^2+c^2}\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

\(bc\le\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4\left(a^2+1\right)}\) chứng minh tương tự với mấy cái còn lại ta dc           \(\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c^2+1}\right]\) .Thay a^2 +b^2 +c^2 =1 vào vế phải ta dc\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{2b^2+c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}\right]\)

áp dụng bunhiacopski dạng phân thức ta dc\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2+b^2}\right]\)                           \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c^2+b^2}{c^2+b^2}\right]\) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

2:

a: =>a^2+2ab+b^2-2a^2-2b^2<=0

=>-(a^2-2ab+b^2)<=0

=>(a-b)^2>=0(luôn đúng)

b; =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc-3a^2-3b^2-3c^2<=0

=>-(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc)<=0

=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2>=0(luôn đúng)

Lời giải:
$P=\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{abc}$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, dạng $(x+y+z)^2\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)$ ta có:

$(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)^2\geq 3(a^2b^4c^2+a^4b^2c^2+a^2b^2c^4)$

$=3a^2b^2c^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=3a^2b^2c^2$

$\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq \sqrt{3}abc$

$\Rightarrow P=\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{abc}\geq \sqrt{3}$

Vậy $P_{\min}=\sqrt{3}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

b: =>a=5-b

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5-b\right)^2+b^2=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2b^2-10b+25-13=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-2\right)\left(b-3\right)=0\)

hay \(b\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a\in\left\{3;2\right\}\)

b: =>a=5-b

⇔(5−b)2+b2=13⇔(5−b)2+b2=13

⇔2b2−10b+25−13=0⇔2b2−10b+25−13=0

⇔(b−2)(b−3)=0⇔(b−2)(b−3)=0

hay b∈{2;3}b∈{2;3}

⇔a∈{3;2}⇔a∈{3;2}

a) \(\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}\)

Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{25-16}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{9}\\b^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot16=\dfrac{16}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5}{3};b=\dfrac{4}{3}\\a=\dfrac{-5}{3};b=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{4}{3}\right);\left(-\dfrac{5}{3};-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\right\}\)

b) \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}\)

Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=4.4=16\\b^2=4.9=36\\c^2=4,16=64\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4;=6;c=8\\a=-4;b=-6;c=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy (a;b;c) \(\in\left\{\left(4;6;8\right);\left(-4;-6;-8\right)\right\}\)