Cách khác: Ta có \(x^2y+2xy+y=32x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x+1\right)^2=32x\).

Từ đó \(32x⋮\left(x+1\right)^2\).

Mà \(\left(x,\left(x+1\right)^2\right)=1\) nên \(32⋮\left(x+1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\in\left\{1;4;16\right\}\).

+) Với \(\left(x+1\right)^2=1\Rightarrow x=0\) (loại)

+) Với \(\left(x+1\right)^2=4\Rightarrow x=1;y=8\)

+) Với \(\left(x+1\right)^2=16\Rightarrow x=3;y=6\).

Vậy...

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-32x-32=-32\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x+1\right)^2-32\left(x+1\right)=-32\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(xy+y-32\right)=-32\)

Do \(x+1\ge2\) nên chỉ có các trường hợp sau:

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\xy+y-32=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) 

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=4\\xy+y-32=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=8\\xy+y-32=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH4: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=16\\xy+y-32=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH5: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=32\\xy+y-32=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn tự giải

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+x+2=y\left(2x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{2x^2+x+2}{2x-1}=x+1+\dfrac{3}{2x-1}\)

\(y\in Z\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2x-1}\in Z\)

Mà x nguyên dương \(\Rightarrow2x-1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-1=Ư\left(3\right)\Rightarrow x=\left\{1;2\right\}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;5\right);\left(2;4\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy-6x-5y=18\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(y-3\right)-5\left(y-3\right)=33\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)\left(y-3\right)=33\)

Phương trình ước số cơ bản

Ta có: \(6x+5y+18=2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x+5y-2xy=-18\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(3-y\right)+5y=-18\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(3-y\right)+5y-15=-18-15\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(3-y\right)+5\left(y-3\right)=-33\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(3-y\right)-5\left(3-y\right)=-33\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3-y\right)\left(2x-5\right)=-33\)

Dễ rồi

Gắt thế,IMO 2003

Đặt \(S=\frac{x^2}{2xy^2-y^3+1}\)

Xét \(b=1\Rightarrow S=\frac{x^2}{2x}=\frac{x}{2}\Rightarrow x=2k\) thỏa mãn 

Xét \(b>1\) Đặt \(\frac{x^2}{2xy^2-y^3+1}=u\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-2y^2ux+\left(y^3-1\right)u=0\)

Xét \(\Delta=\left(2y^2u\right)^2-4\left(b^3-1\right)u\) phải là số chính phương

Ta dễ dàng chứng minh được \(\left(2y^2u-y-1\right)^2< \Delta< \left(2y^2u-y+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\Delta=\left(2y^2u-y\right)^2\Rightarrow y^2=4u\)

Đặt \(y=2t\Rightarrow x=t\left(h\right)x=8t^4-t\)

Vậy.........................