Cho c=1+3 +3mũ2 +3mũ3+ ...+3mũ11 chứng tỏ c chia hết cho 13
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a/
\(3S=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{120}\)
\(2S=3S-S=3^{120}-1\Rightarrow S=\frac{3^{120}-1}{2}\)
b/ \(S=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{117}+3^{118}+3^{119}\right)\)
\(S=13+3^3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{117}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(S=13+3^3.13+...+3^{117}.13=13\left(1+3^3+...+3^{117}\right)\) chia hết cho 13
c/
\(S=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6+3^7\right)+...+\left(3^{116}+3^{117}+3^{118}+3^{119}\right)\)
\(S=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{116}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(S=40+3^4.40+...+3^{116}.40=40\left(1+3^4+...+3^{116}\right)\) chia hết cho 40
Đặt \(D=3-3^2+3^3-3^4+...+3^9-3^{10}+3^{11}\)
=> \(3D=3^2-3^3+3^4-3^5+...+3^{10}-3^{11}+3^{12}\)
Cộng vế 2 BT trên ta được:
\(D+3D=\left(3-3^2+...+3^{11}\right)+\left(3^2-3^3+...+3^{12}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4D=3^{12}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{3^{12}+3}{4}\)
\(Q=1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{11}\)
\(3Q=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{12}\)
\(3Q-Q=\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{12}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{11}\right)\)
\(2Q=3^{12}-1\)
\(Q=\frac{3^{12}-1}{2}\)
\(3^6:3^2+2^3.2^2-3^3.3\)
\(=3^4+2^5-3^4\)
\(=3^4-3^4+2^5\)
\(=0+2^5=2^5\)
\(3^6:3^2+2^3.2^2-3^3.3\\ =3^4+2-3^4\\ =\left(3^4-3^4\right)+2\\ =0+2\\ =2.\)
\(C=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{11}\\ \)
Số số hạng là :\(\left(11-0\right):1+1=12\left(SH\right)\)
Ta nhóm C thành \(4\) nhóm , mỗi nhóm có \(3\) số hạng .
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+\left(3^6+3^7+3^8\right)+\left(3^9+3^{10}+3^{11}\right)\\ \text{C}=13+3^3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^6\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^9\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ C=13.1+3^3.13+3^6.13+3^9.13\\ C=13\left(1+3^3+3^6+3^9\right)⋮13\)
Vậy \(C⋮13\left(\text{Đ}PCM\right)\)