Lời giải:
a. ĐKXĐ: $a\neq \pm 2$

\(M=\frac{(2+a)^2}{(2-a)(2+a)}+\frac{4a^2}{(2-a)(2+a)}-\frac{(2-a)^2}{(2+a)(2-a)}\)

\(=\frac{(2+a)^2+4a^2-(2-a)^2}{(2-a)(2+a)}=\frac{4a(a+2)}{(2-a)(2+a)}=\frac{4a}{2-a}\)

b.

$|a+1|=3\Rightarrow a+1=\pm 3\Rightarrow a=-2$ hoặc $a=-4$

Vì $a\neq \pm 2$ nên $a=-4$

Khi đó: $M=\frac{4a}{2-a}=\frac{4(-4)}{2-(-4)}=\frac{-8}{3}$

c.

Trước tiên cần tìm $a$ để $M$ nguyên đã.

$M=\frac{4a}{2-a}=\frac{8-4(2-a)}{2-a}=\frac{8}{2-a}-4$ nguyên khi $\frac{8}{2-a}$ nguyên 

$\Rightarrow 2-a\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 4; \pm 8\right\}$

$\Rightarrow a\in\left\{1; 3; 0; 4; -2; 6; 10; -6\right\}$.

Thử lại thấy $a\in\left\{1; 3; 0; 4\right\}$ thỏa mãn $M$ là số nguyên chia hết cho $4$

\(M=\dfrac{x^2}{x\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{2x}{x\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(x+2\right)}{x\left(x+2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+2x+2x+4}{x\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+4x+4}{x\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+2}{x}\)

Khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{-\dfrac{3}{2}+2}{-\dfrac{3}{2}}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Bạn xem thử tại đây:

https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-bieu-thucm-dfrac2a2-a-dfrac4a2a2-4-dfrac2-a2aa-rut-gon-mb-tinh-gia-tri-cua-m-khi-a13c-tim-a-z-de-m-la-so-nguyen-chia-het-cho-4.7975358921144

\(M=\left(x^5-2021x^4\right)-\left(x^4-2021x^3\right)+\left(x^3-2021X^2\right)-\left(x^2-2021x\right)+\left(x-2021\right)-900=-900\)

Ta có: x=2021

nên x+1=2022

Ta có: \(M=x^5-2022x^4+2022x^3-2022x^2+2022x-2921\)

\(=x^5-x^4\left(x+1\right)+x^3\left(x+1\right)-x^2\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x+1\right)-2921\)

\(=x^5-x^5-x^4+x^4+x^3-x^3-x^2+x^2+x-2921\)

\(=x-2921=-900\)

\(M^3=4+3\sqrt[3]{\left(2+\sqrt[]{5}\right)\left(2-\sqrt[]{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{2+\sqrt[]{5}}+\sqrt[3]{2-\sqrt[]{5}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M^3=4+3.\left(-1\right).M\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M^3+3M-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(M-1\right)\left(M^2+M+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=1\)

M = (x + 3)(x² - 3x + 9) - (x³ + 54 - x) với x = 27

  = (x^3+27)-(x³ + 54 - x)

  =x^3+27-x³ - 54 + x

  =27-54+x

  =-27+x

thay x=27 vào biểu thức trên ta có 

-27+x=-27+27=0

vậy M=0

Ta có: \(M=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)-\left(x^3+54-x\right)\)

\(=x^3+27-x^3-54+x\)

\(=x-27\)

Thay x=27 vào biểu thức M=x-27, ta được:

M=27-27=0

Vậy: Khi x=27 thì M=0