IV. Choose the best answer: 1. Are you_____________with the result? A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. be satisfying 2. My brother sings_____________than me. A. better B. weller C. gooder D. well 3. The results of the work are____________. We are very sad. A. disappointed B. satisfying C. disappointing D. satisfied 4. This is a____________film and it makes me cry a lot. A. funny B. moving C. comedy D. excited 5. ____________he has a lot of money, he is very mean. A. Because B. Although C. Despite D. Because of 6. She is young but she performs____________. A. excellent B. excel C. excellently D. excellence 7. This is a(n)______________on real life during wars in Vietnam in 1945. A. horror film B. sci-fi C. comedy D. documentary 8. He___________the Oscar Prize as the best actor last year. A. won B. acted C. performed D. directed 9. He is lazy.____________, he is always lucky in examinations. A. Therefore B. But C. However D. So 10. I decided to quit this job_____________the low salary. A. because of B. despite C. because D. although 11. " Thanks for a lovely dress!" - “_____________” A. You're welcome B. Yes, I do C. No, thanks D. I don't know 12. They are very interested_____________going to the zoo. A. to B. in C. at D. for 13. There aren’t ____________ means of transports in the countryside’s life. A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 14. You look ____________ in that dress. A. love B. lovely C. loving D. lovelily 15. _________________, the nicest apartment is also the cheapest. A. Luckily B. Unluckily C. Lucky D. Unlucky 16. An watches TV every evening. ________________. A. I do, neither. B. So I watch. C. I like so. D. So do I. 17. ______________ is the film? – Two and a half hours. A. How far B. What time C. When D. How long 18. Tim spends a long time ______________ video games. A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays 19. Why are you late? – Because I _______________ the bus. A. missed B. mixed C. caught D. lost 20.. _______________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 21. _______________, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 22. She left him _______________ she still loved him. A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 23. ________________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. A. Because B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of 24. _______________ they are twin brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. In spite of 25. Julie failed the exam _______________ of working very hard. A. despite B. in spite C. even if D. though 26. She walked home by herself _______________ she knew that it was dangerous. A. if B. though C. because D. which 27. ______ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of 28. She left him ______ she still loved him. A. in spite B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 29. He refused to give up work, _________ he’s won a million pounds. A. despite B. however C. even though D. as thou

1. Are you_____________with the result? A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. be satisfying 2. My brother sings_____________than me. A. better B. weller C. gooder D. well 3. The results of the work are____________. We are very sad. A. disappointed B. satisfying C. disappointing D. satisfied 4. This is a____________film and it makes me cry a lot. A. funny B. moving C. comedy D. excited 5. ____________he has a lot of money, he is very mean. A. Because B. Although C. Despite D. Because of 6. She is young but she performs____________. A. excellent B. excel C. excellently D. excellence 7. This is a(n)______________on real life during wars in Vietnam in 1945. A. horror film B. sci-fi C. comedy D. documentary 8. He___________the Oscar Prize as the best actor last year. A. won B. acted C. performed D. directed 9. He is lazy.____________, he is always lucky in examinations. A. Therefore B. But C. However D. So 10. I decided to quit this job_____________the low salary. A. because of B. despite C. because D. although 11. " Thanks for a lovely dress!" - “_____________” A. You're welcome B. Yes, I do C. No, thanks D. I don't know 12. They are very interested_____________going to the zoo. A. to B. in C. at D. for 13. There aren’t ____________ means of transports in the countryside’s life. A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 14. You look ____________ in that dress. A. love B. lovely C. loving D. lovelily 15. _________________, the nicest apartment is also the cheapest. A. Luckily B. Unluckily C. Lucky D. Unlucky 16. An watches TV every evening. ________________. A. I do, neither. B. So I watch. C. I like so. D. So do I. 17. ______________ is the film? – Two and a half hours. A. How far B. What time C. When D. How long 18. Tim spends a long time ______________ video games. A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays 19. Why are you late? – Because I _______________ the bus. A. missed B. mixed C. caught D. lost 20.. _______________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 21. _______________, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 22. She left him _______________ she still loved him. A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 23. ________________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. A. Because B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of 24. _______________ they are twin brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. In spite of 25. Julie failed the exam _______________ of working very hard. A. despite B. in spite C. even if D. though 26. She walked home by herself _______________ she knew that it was dangerous. A. if B. though C. because D. which 27. ______ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of 28. She left him ______ she still loved him. A. in spite B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 29. He refused to give up work, _________ he’s won a million pounds. A. despite B. however C. even though D. as though

II.Choose the correct answer to complete each following sentence by circling A, B, C or D. 1. Linda used to ________ morning exercise when she got up early. A. did B. does C. doing D. do 2. My mum __________the bus to work every day, but I cycle. A. catches B. drives C. goes D. runs 3. You should look right and left when you go ________the road. A. down B. across C. up D. along 4. Bus is the main public ________in Viet Nam. A.travel B. tricycle C. transport D. vehicle 5. The play was so boring. ________, An saw it from beginning to end. A. Therefore B. Despite C. However D. Although 6. She’s sure that they will find the film_________. A. entertaining B. entertain C. entertainment D. entertained 7. – “ Do you like seeing a film?” – “_________________” A. No, I don’t like it at all B. Sure. What film shall we see? C. Who is in it? D. I’m sorry, I can’t. 8. ____________ being frightened by the images, Lan still liked the film so much. A. In spite B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless 9. ____________ is La Tomatina celebrated? – Every August. A. Where B. Why C. When D. Which 10. My father liked the ____________ of that singer. A. perform B. performer C. performance D. performing 11. Does your bike ever ________ down on the way to school. A. break B. take C. do D. turn 12. I __________go on foot when I was in primary school. A. used to B. break C. can D. may 13. Give a________ before you turn left or right. A. signal B. turn C. sound D. sign 14.In the party last night, she looked in a red dress. A. love B. lovely C. loving D. lovelily 15. Is Minh with the final semester‘s result? B. Satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. be satisfying 16. The ending of the film is All audiences are very sad. A.disappointed B. satisfying C. disappointing D. satisfied 17. This is a film and it makes me cry a lot. A.funny B. moving C. comedy D. excited 18. he is a CEO and earns a lot of money, he is very mean. A. Because B. Although C. Despite D. Because of 19.This is a(n) on real life during wars in Vietnam in 1945. A. horror film B. sci-fi C. comedy D. documentary 20.He the Oscar Prize as the best actress this year. A. wins B. acts C. performs D. directs 21. She is hard working , she isn‘t lucky in examinations. A.Therefore B. But C. However D. So 22. She decided to quit this job the low salary. A.because of B. despite C. because D. although 23. Minh used to jigsaw puzzles in his spare time. A. do B. does C. doing D. did 24. Public in this city is quite good, and it‘s not expensive. A. vehicle B. travel C. transport D. journey 25. It‘s about 2 kilometers ………………my house school. A. between/and B. from/to C. between/to D. from/

II.Choose the best answer
18. …………………..does it take to go from Ha Noi to Ho Chi Minh City by plane?
A. How far B. How much C. How long D. How many
19. There……………a bus station in the city center, but it has been move to the suburbs.
A. used to be B. used to have C. use to have D. were
20. I………………..marbles when I was young but now I don’t.
A. play B. used to play C. have played D. didn’t use to play
21. We should…………….the street at the zebra crossing.
A. walk B. walk on C. walk through D. walk cross
22. Drivers have to……………….their seatbelt whenever they drive.
A. put B. tie C. fasten D. put on
23. We should wait for the traffic lights……………….before you cross the street.
A. turn green B. to turn green C. turn yellow D. to turn
yellow
24. All of us have to obey………………..strickly.
A. traffic rules B. traffic C. traffic jam D. regular
25. Cyclists and motorists have to wear……………when they ride a motorbike.
A. hard hat B. cap C. mask D. helmet
26. He forgot to give a…………….before he turned left and got a ticket.
A. signal B. sign C. light D. hand
27. ……………..is it from your house to your school?
A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How much
28. Are you……………..with the result?
A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. be satisfying
29. My brother sings……………..than me.
A. better B. weller C. gooder D. well

30. The results of the work are……………... We are very sad.
A. disappointed B. satisfying C. disappointing D. satisfied
31. This is a……………..film and it makes me cry a lot.
A. funny B. moving C. comedy D. excited
32. ……………..he has a lot of money, he is very mean.
A. Because B. Although C. Despite D. Because of
33. She is young but she performs……………..
A. excellent B. excel C. excellently D. excellence
34. This is a(n) ……………..on real life during wars in Vietnam in 1945.
A. horror film B. sci-fi C. comedy D. documentary
35. He……………..the Oscar Prize as the best actor last year.
A. won B. acted C. performed D. directed
36. He is lazy. …………….., he is always lucky in examinations.
A. Therefore B. But C. However D. So
37. I decided to quit this job……………..the low salary.
A. because of B. despite C. because D. although
38. " Thanks for a lovely dress!" - “……………..”
A. You're welcome B. Yes, I do C. No, thanks D. I don't know
39. They are very interested……………..going to the zoo.
A. to B. in C. at D. for
40. There aren’t……………..means of transports in the countryside’s life.
A. many B. much C. a few D. a little
41. You look……………..in that dress.
A. love B. lovely C. loving D. lovelily
42. …………….., the nicest apartment is also the cheapest.
A. Luckily B. Unluckily C. Lucky D. Unlucky
43. Tim spends a long time ………………..video games.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays
44. Why are you late? – Because I…………… the bus.
A. missed B. mixed C. caught D. lost
45. …………… he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
46. ………………, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
47. She left him …………….. she still loved him.
A. in spite B. even though C. in spite of D. despite

I. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. brainstorm B. sailing C. railway D. captain 2. A. plane B. safety C. traffic D. station 3. A. vehicle B. mention C. enter D. helicopter 4. A. happy B. house C. here D. hour 5. A. maps B. papers C. cats D. books 6. A. started B. decided C. worked D. waited 7. A. played B. closed C. filled D. needed 8. A. frightened B. amazed C. disappointed D. terrified 9. A. thread B. beam C. breath D. stead 10. A. naked B. booked C. worked D. walked II.Choose the correct answer to complete each following sentence by circling A, B, C or D. 1. Linda used to ________ morning exercise when she got up early. A. did B. does C. doing D. do 2. My mum __________the bus to work every day, but I cycle. A. catches B. drives C. goes D. runs 3. You should look right and left when you go ________the road. A. down B. across C. up D. along 4. Bus is the main public ________in Viet Nam. A.travel B. tricycle C. transport D. vehicle 5. The play was so boring. ________, An saw it from beginning to end. A. Therefore B. Despite C. However D. Although 6. She’s sure that they will find the film_________. A. entertaining B. entertain C. entertainment D. entertained 7. – “ Do you like seeing a film?” – “_________________” A. No, I don’t like it at all B. Sure. What film shall we see? C. Who is in it? D. I’m sorry, I can’t. 8. ____________ being frightened by the images, Lan still liked the film so much. A. In spite B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless 9. ____________ is La Tomatina celebrated? – Every August. A. Where B. Why C. When D. Which 10. My father liked the ____________ of that singer. A. perform B. performer C. performance D. performing 11. Does your bike ever ________ down on the way to school. A. break B. take C. do D. turn 12. I __________go on foot when I was in primary school. A. used to B. break C. can D. may 13. Give a________ before you turn left or right. A. signal B. turn C. sound D. sign 14.In the party last night, she looked in a red dress. A. love B. lovely C. loving D. lovelily 15. Is Minh with the final semester‘s result? B. Satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. be satisfying 16. The ending of the film is All audiences are very sad. A.disappointed B. satisfying C. disappointing D. satisfied 17. This is a film and it makes me cry a lot. A.funny B. moving C. comedy D. excited 18. he is a CEO and earns a lot of money, he is very mean. A. Because B. Although C. Despite D. Because of 19.This is a(n) on real life during wars in Vietnam in 1945. A. horror film B. sci-fi C. comedy D. documentary 20.He the Oscar Prize as the best actress this year. A. wins B. acts C. performs D. directs 21. She is hard working , she isn‘t lucky in examinations. A.Therefore B. But C. However D. So 22. She decided to quit this job the low salary. A.because of B. despite C. because D. although 23. Minh used to jigsaw puzzles in his spare time. A. do B. does C. doing D. did 24. Public in this city is quite good, and it‘s not expensive. A. vehicle B. travel C. transport D. journey 25. It‘s about 2 kilometers ………………my house school. A. between/and B. from/to C. between/to D. from/ and III. Put the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1.Nam often ( play) ________________________ soccer in the afternoon. 2.My father used to (go) _____________________swimming when he was a child. 3.What about ( go) ____________________ to the zoo on Sunday evening ? 4. Tien Dung goalkeeper ( live ) _____________________ Thanh Hoa city since 1997. 5.I used to ( go) ____________________ to the zoo on Sundays when I was a child. 6.Xuan Truong footballer ( play) ________________________ soccer beautifully last Saturday. 7.Nam used to (go) _____________________fishing when he was a child. 8.They (learn ) _____________________ English for five years. 9.How about ( go) ____________________ to the zoo on Sunday evening ? 10.Quang Hai footballer ( play) ________________________ soccer beautifully last Saturday. 11.I ( meet ) ______________________ her at the movie theater last night. 12.He ( go ) ___ to the English club every Sunday. But last Sunday he ( not go ) ________ there, he went to the City’s museum. 13.Two years ago, she ( teach ) ______________________ at a village school. 14.What __________you (do) ____________ yesterday morning? 15.We ( travel ) ______________________ to Hue next month. 16.My mother ( not like ) ______________________ riding a motorbike. 17.When my father was young, he (drink ) _____________________ a lot of beer. 18.Nam ( study ) ______________________ homework in the living room now. 19.Be careful ! The car ( come ) ______________________ . 20.My mother ( go ) ______________________ to the supermarket yesterday evening. IV. Find and correct a mistake in each sentence 1. Use roads careful so we may be able to use them for a long time. 2. I saw some cars stop by the police. 3. The car was too expensive for him buying. 4. My father is a careful driver and he doesn’t drive too fast or dangerous. 5. On the way we passed, there were many interested sights. 6. The old house in the end of the road has been sold. 7. Despite of taking a taxi, he arrived late. 8. The gate are closed so that the children can’t run into the road. 9. The train had just left when I arrive at the station. V: Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences. 1. I couldn't sleep. I was very tired. Despite I couldn't sleep despite being vey tired. 2. They have very little money. They are happy. In spite of ....................................................................................................................................... 3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village. Although ........................................................................................................................................ 4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. In spite of ....................................................................................................................................... 5. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. Despite .......................................................................................................................................... 6. I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. Even though .................................................................................................................................. VI. Rewrite sentences with In spite of / Despite /because / because of 1. Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well. In spite of _______________________________________________________________ 2. Mary could not go to school because she was sick. Because of _______________________________________________________________ 3. Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time. Despite _______________________________________________________________ 4. Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home. Because of _______________________________________________________________ 5. In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job. Although_______________________________________________________________ 6. He is so young. His acting is excellent. Although___________________________________________________________________ 7. The film poster is fascinating. I don't want to see this film. In spite of___________________________________________________________________ 8. Although our plan is careful, we made some mistakes. Despite______________________________________________________________ VII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work. Writing the story for the film may take many weeks. Filming the story, or shooting the film, often takes at least six months. Actors and cameramen work from very early in the morning until late at night. Each scene has to be acted and re-acted, filmed and re-filmed, until it is just fine. Sometimes the same scene has to be acted many times. The film studio is like a large factory, and the indoor stages are very big indeed. Scenery of all kinds is made in the studio. Churches, houses, and forests are all built of wood and cardboard. Several hundred people work together to make one film. Some of these people are the actors and actresses. The director of the film, however, is the most important person in a film studio. He decides how the scenes should be filmed and how the actors should act. Most people go to see a film because they know the film stars are in it. Sometimes the film may be very poor. It is best to choose a film made by a good director. Some famous directors make their films very real; people feel that they themselves are among the people in the films. 1. Shooting a film often takes…………………. A. less than six months B. at least six months C. many weeks D. from early in the morning until late night 2. Some scenes have to be filmed many times because……………. A. it takes a long time to make a film B. it is often difficult to make them just right C. many people work together D. the film is poor 3. Which of the following is compared to a factory? A. The film studio B. The indoor stage C. The scenery D. A poor film 4. The director of a film………………… A. is always an actor B. makes the scenery C. is a film star D. says how each scene should be filmed 5. We should choose a film which…………………. A. has actors we know B. seems very real C. takes a long time to make D. is made by a good director 6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Writing the story for the film is a part of making a film. B. The indoor stages in the film studio are very big. C. All of the people in film making are actors and actresses. D. Shooting the film often takes many months. 7. The best title for the passage is "________ ". A. Writing the Story B. Actors and Actresses C. A Director D. Making a Film

HOMEWORK

Choose the best answer:

1. _____________this movie is entertaining, not many people like it.

A. Because B. Although C. Because of D. Despite

2. _____________getting up early, I still missed the bus.

A. Despite of B. Although C. In spite of D. Because of

3. I decided to quit this job_____________the low salary.

A. because of B. despite C. because D. although

4. They canceled the match_____________it rained heavily.

A. because of B. because C. although D. in spite of

5. _____________the difficulty, they tried to finish all their tasks.

A. because of B. because C. although D. in spite of

6. Are you a__________runner? No. I run___________.

A. fast/ slow B. fastly/ slowly C. fast/ slowly D. fast/ slow

7. How do you think about my new book? – I find it___________.

A. excited B. excite C. excitingly D. exciting

8. This is a____________movie. It makes me laugh a lot.

A. hilarious B. boring C. disappointing D. frightening

9. This movie is about the war between the planets in the space. It is a___________movie.

A. romantic B. comedy C. documentary D. sci-fi

10. Please get____________the bus. We have finished our journey.

A. on B. of C. off D. up

Rewrite sentences:

1. Although I have a lot of money, I am not very satistied. DESPITE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Although it rained, they still go fishing. IN SPITE OF

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Although she works hard, she doesn’t get good results. DESPITE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Although he is a singer, he sings badly. IN SPITE OF

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Although the exercise is difficult, she can do it easily. DESPITE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cloze test:
There are many (1)_______of films: romance, comedy, science fiction, documentary, horror, action… My favourite is romantic films, for (2)_______, Titanic, The Notebook, Notting Hill… They are meaningful about life and love. Sometimes they are (3)________and make me cry. I am also interested (4)________docmentaries. They give me interesting knowledge.

1. A. types B. movies C. forms D. watches

2. A. such as B. character C. example D. actor

3. A. funny B. gripping C. strange D. moving

4. A. on B. in C. of D. With

6. __________he is a CEO and earns a lot of money, he is very mean.

A. Because                  B. Although                C. Despite                   D. Because of

7. This is a(n) __________on real life during wars in Vietnam in 1945.

A. horror film              B. sci-fi                       C. comedy                  D. documentary

8. He __________the Oscar Prize as the best actress this year.

A. wins                        B. acts             C. performs                 D. directs

9. She is hard working __________, she isn’t lucky in examinations.

A. Therefore               B. But              C. However                D. So

10. She decided to quit this job __________the low salary.

A. because of            B. despite                      C. because                   D. although

Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. I wanted to see the film…………………..feeling sleepy

a. although b. but c. in spite of d. spite

2. It is a horror film. …………………….., it is a good film.

a. Although b. However c. And d. So

3. She sings very well…………………..she is very fat

a. however b. but c. in spite of d. and

4. He drove a car to home………………………his headache.

a. although b. and c. in spite of d. so

5. ………………………being young, he is an excellent manager

a. Although b. But c. In spite of d. Spite

6. ………………they spent a lot of money on the film, it wasn’t a big success.

a. However b. Nevertheless c. When d. Although

7. Last night, I didn’t go to the bed early…………………being very tired.

a. despite of b. although c. in spite of d. because of

8. Not many people went to see the film; …………….., it received good reviews from critics.

a. however b. but c. despite d. because of

9. ……………….difficulties, the firemen managed to save many people who were caught in the fire.

a. although b. despite c. however d. nevertheless

10…………………he got top marks at high school, he never went to university.

a. although b. despite c. however d. nevertheless

11. She failed the test………………..she studied hard.

a. although b. despite c. however d. nevertheless

12. Everyone thought she would accept the offer…………………….. , she turned it down.

a. although b. despite c. however d. in spite of

1. I was __________ to learn that the director of that gripping film has won the first prize.
A. interest B. interests C. interested D. interesting
2. The film was so __________. However my father saw it from beginning to end.
A. interesting B. exciting C. boring D. fascinating
3. We were __________ with the latest film of that director.
A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfying D. satisfy
4. We like the film very much. The __________ are unforgettable and the plot gripping.
A. character B. acting C. style D. action
5. I have never felt as __________ as I did when I watched that horror film.
A. terrify B. terrified C. terrifying D. terrible
6. Not many people went to see the film; __________ it received good reviews from critics.
A. although B. but C. despite D. however
7. Let’s go to the Victor Cinema. I’m sure you’ll find the film __________.
A. excites B. excite C. excited D. exciting
8. Last night, I didn’t go to bed early ___________ being very tired.
A. because of B. although C. despite of D. in spite of
9. ____________ they spent a lot of money on the film, it wasn’t a big success.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. When D. Although
10. Mr. Bean’s Holiday is a _____________ film – I was laughing from beginning to the end.
A. moving B. scary C. violent D. hilarious
11. __________ careful preparation, we have a lot of difficulties in making a new film.
A. Such B. However C. Despite D. With
12. A___________ is a film that shows real life events or stories.
A. documentary B. thriller C. comedy D. action
13. I went to the cinema with my friends yesterday __________ feeling very tired.
A. although B. So C. In spite of D. but
14. The end of the film was so _____________ that many people cried.
A. boring B. shocking C. exciting D. moving
15. We didn’t find it funny __________ it was a comedy.
A. but B. although C. despite D. in spite of
16. A ___________ is a film that tries to make audiences laugh.
A. sci-fi B. documentary C. comedy D. horror
17. I enjoy the film on TV yesterday evening __________ nobody in my family liked it.
A. so B. yet C. although D. in spite of
18. I found the book so ____________ that I couldn’t put it down.
A. gripping B. shocking C. tiring D. boring
19. __________ he spent too much money on the film, it wasn’t a big success.
A. But B. Even C. Despite D. although
20. We found the plot of the film__________.
A. bored B. boring C. interested D. acting

II.Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined
1. A. delivered B. clicked C. promised D. picked
2. A. needed B. developed C. wanted D. included
3. A. liked B. washed C. loved D. jumped
4. A. acting B. actor C. address D. action
5. A. comedy B. pollute C. shocked D. long