5) a) Đặt b+c-a=x;a+c-b=y;a+b-c=z thì 2a=y+z;2b=x+z;2c=x+y

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge6\)

Vậy ta suy ra đpcm

b) Ta có: a+b>c;b+c>a;a+c>b

Xét: \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

.Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c};\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)

Vậy ta có đpcm

6) Ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\ge2ab+2cd+ab+cd=3\left(ab+cd\right)\)

\(ab+cd=ab+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge2\)

Suy ra đpcm

2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}-a-b-c=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c-a-b-c=0\)

1: Sửa đề: Cho \(x,y,z\ne0\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{2}{2x+y+2z}\).

CM:....

Đặt 2x = x', 2z = z'.

Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{x'}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z'}=\dfrac{2}{x'+y+z'}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}-\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z'}{x'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}+\dfrac{y+z'}{yz'}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y+z'\right)\left(yz'+x'^2+x'y+x'z'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x'+y\right)\left(y+z'\right)\left(z'+x'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(2z+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)

\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

5) a) Ta có: \(a< b+c\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)

Tương tự: \(b^2< ba+bc\)

\(c^2< ca+cb\)

Cộng từng vế các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được đpcm

b) Ta có: \(\left(b+c-a\right)\left(b+a-c\right)=b^2-\left(c-a\right)^2\le b^2\)

\(\left(c+a-b\right)\left(c+b-a\right)=c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\le c^2\)

\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\le a^2\)

Nhân từng vế các BĐT trên, ta được

\(\left[\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\right]^2\le\left(abc\right)^2\)

Các biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông đều dương nên ta suy ra đpcm

Bài 5:

a)

Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2<2(ab+bc+ac)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a(b+c-a)+b(a+c-b)+c(a+b-c)>0\)

Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác nên

\(b+c-a,a+b-c,c+a-b>0\)

b) Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:

\((a+b-c)(b+c-a)\leq \left ( \frac{a+b-c+b+c-a}{2} \right )^2=b^2\)

\((a+b-c)(c+a-b)\leq \left (\frac{a+b-c+c+a-b}{2}\right)^2=a^2\)

\((b+c-a)(a+c-b)\leq \left ( \frac{b+c-a+a+c-b}{2} \right )^2=c^2\)

Nhân theo vế :

\(\Rightarrow [(a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)]^2\leq a^2b^2c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow (a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)\leq abc\)

Do đó ta có đpcm

c)

\(a^3+b^3+c^3+2abc< a^2(b+c)+b^2(c+a)+c^2(a+b)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a(ab+ac-a^2-bc)+b(ab+bc-b^2-ac)+c(ca+cb-c^2)>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a(a-c)(b-a)+b(b-c)(a-b)+c^2(a+b-c)>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(b-a)(b+a-c)+c^2(b+a-c)>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (b+a-c)[c^2-(a-b)^2]>0\)

Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác thì \(b+a>c, c>|a-b|\)

Do đó ta có đpcm.

Bài 3:

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)

-Tham khảo:

* Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{axy}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

* Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{b^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)Mà \(cxy+bxz+ayz=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

Vậy.........................

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)

=>\(\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)

=>\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}\right)=1\) (1)

Lại có:

\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)

=> \(\dfrac{a}{x}.\dfrac{yz}{yz}+\dfrac{b}{y}.\dfrac{xz}{xz}+\dfrac{c}{z}.\dfrac{xy}{xy}=0\)

=>\(\dfrac{ayz}{xuy}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\) (2)

Thay (2) vào (1) ta được

\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\)

=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

+) \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

+) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)