VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Match a word in column A with its description in column B, writing the answer in each blank. Answer A B ______ 1. A thunderstorm A. It is created when the surface layer of the ground collapses. It varies in size and are found all over the world. It is an area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage. When it rains, all of the water stays inside it and typically drains into the subsurface. It can vary from a few feet to hundreds of acres and from less than 1 to more than 100 feet deep. ______ 2. A tornado B. The Earth has a crust under the oceans and the land that we live on. This crust made of massive areas of flat rock called tectonic plates, which float on the Earth’s mantle, the inside layer of the Earth. When the plates move slowly together, this movement forces energy through the crusts to the Earth’s surface. The energy causes the Earth to tremble and shake. ______ 3. A hurricane C. It is a very bright flash of electricity that happens in a thunderstorm. It is actually a spark that crosses the gap between two clouds or between a cloud and the Earth. It carries an enormous charge of electricity. Trees are burned, metal can be melted and people can be killed. ______ 4. An earthquake D. It is caused by earthquakes at sea. It forms when energy from an earthquake displace hundreds of cubic kilometers of water from the seabed. Large waves begin moving through the ocean from their epicenters. When it reaches shallow water near coastal areas, it increases in height. The sign comes before it strikes when the waterline suddenly retreats, exposing hundreds of meters of beach and seabed. ______ 5. A volcano E. It is a very violent windstorm. The air is concentrated and whirls up rapidly. It is grey in colour and looks like an elephant’s trunk swaying down from the clouds to touch the ground with its tip. ______ 6. A tsunami F. It is a hill or mountain formed when molten material or lave from the inside of the Earth is forced through the Earth’s crust by gases. It can produce vast clouds of very fine volcanic dust which looks like smoke. ______ 7. A sinkhole G. It is a storm where you hear thunder and see lightning. There is usually heavy rain. It is an electric storm. ______ 8. Lightning H. It is the most violent storm known on Earth. It is a tropical storm. It forms at sea and causes dangerous, stormy seas. It can reach the land and destroy buildings and trees. It can blow high waves onto the land and cause flooding. II. Complete each sentences with the correct word from the box. drought flood hurricane landslide tornado 1. When there is a ___________, a lot of water covers an area where there usually isn’t water. 2. A ___________ refers to a long time without rain. 3. When there is a ______________, a lot of rocks and earth fall down a hill. 4. A____________ is a storm with a lot of wind that moves over water. 5. A____________ is a storm in which the air moves very quickly in a circle. III. Use the verbs in the box in the correct form to complete the sentences. bury evacuate rage take recover scatter provide suffer 1. The government _____________ health and other services to the affected regions. 2. Action were _____________ to limit the effects of the floods in Quang Ninh. 3. The Red Cross helped homeless families to ____________ from the disaster through the project. 4. The majority of concerned areas have ___________ from cholera epidemics after the floods and landslides in Central America. 5. Early September, mudslides caused by heavy rains _____________ an entire village of 480 inhabitants. 6. Thousands of villagers ____________ from flood-prone areas after the warnings from the weather bureau. 7. Tiny particles of dust, smoke, salt or pollution droplets that ___________ through the air to cause haze. 8. The fires ____________ for more than a week in the southern region of Chile, which has been hit by a severe drought. MONG MỌI NGƯỜI GIÚP ĐỠ

Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs.
(There is one extra)
1. Effect on health of humans
2. Effect on growth of plants
3. Decreased soil fertility

4. Toxic dust
5. Changes in temperature
6. Changes in soil structure

Effects of Soil Pollution

1. : Considering how soil is the reason we are
able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our
health. Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and
then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal
illnesses.
2. : The ecological balance of any system gets
affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to
adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time.
Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which
creates an additional problem of soil erosion.
3. : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil
is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people
consuming them.
4. : The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some
people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.
5. : The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it
could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food.

Question V. There is a mistake in each sentence. Find and correct it.

1. I would like to buy a watch as yours

2. She missed her plane yesterday because a traffic jam on her way to the airport. .

3. She has a new nice red dress. ..

4. The injured man was taken to the hospital.

5. This is the first time I ate this kind of food.

6. Nick stopped to write his letter because he had to leave for the hospital.

. 7. This time last week we watched football match. ..

8. He got an accident due to his careless. .

9. It is a flowers-growing farm.

10. It is importance for us to find some solutions to our problem. .

Task 1. (1,25 points) Complete the passage with the words from the box.

flooding

mudslide

snow-slide

famine

plates

Mother nature can be a bit scary at times. These days there seem to be more and more occurrences of natural disasters happening around the world. A (1)…………… is the large movement of snow down the side of a mountain. They occur when the snow becomes too loose and as it slides down it mixes with air and water to cause a powerful and dangerous disaster. A drought happens when there has been no rain in a place for a long time. A drought may result in a (2)……………..; this is when there is not enough food to feed the people and they start to starve. An earthquake occurs when the (3) ………………..of the earth start to move and the ground begins to move and shake. The size of earthquakes is measured on the Richter scale. A flood occurs when a large amount of water covers the land. Too much rain usually causes floods. As sea levels continue to rise, the risk of (4) ……………….. increases. A landslide happens on a slope like a mountain or a hill. The rocks and earth become loose and fall down the

IV. In the following text, six sentences or parts of sentences have been removed. Above
the extract you will find the six removed sentences PLUS one sentence which doesn't fit.
Choose from the sentences (A-G) the one which fits each gap (1-6). Remember, there is
one extra sentence you do not need to use. Write the correct letter in the box.
Choose from the following sentences to fill the spaces in the text. There is ONE extra.
A. Using a microwave for cooking a large food mass is difficult due to limited penetration of
microwaves.
B. This can be overcome by leaving the food to stand for a few minutes when cooking is
completed.

C. It is advised that the water should be poured slowly into another container that already
contains the powder.
D. In this way, buying a microwave oven with a turntable ensure the food is cooked
throughout.
E. Conversely the microwaves do not heat glass, ceramic and plastic containers.
F. If the microwaves are not absorbed inside the oven, the oven can be damaged by
electrical arcs and overheating of the microwave source.
G. When water in that state is disturbed, it can suddenly and unexpectedly boil violently.
MICROWAVING
Microwaving is a method of cooking where food is bombarded by microwaves, usually
within an appliance called a microwave oven which excite the water, fat and sugar
molecules, thereby heating (cooking) both the outside and center of the food at the same
time. (1)…………………
(A common myth is that a microwave oven cooks from the center of the food outward. This
appears to happen because heat generated at the surface escapes more readily from the
surface of the food into the surrounding air.) One advantage of microwaving is that small
amounts of food can be heated very quickly, making it useful for reheating leftovers.
The disadvantage is that food which is microwaved does not undergo some of the chemical
reactions, such as browning, which makes the food visually attractive. Primitive microwave
ovens often do not cook evenly, leading to a concern that bacteria easily killed by more
traditional cooking methods may survive the quick cooking time in "cold spots", though the
food item as a whole is cooked to a safe average temperature. (2) ……
Some high-end microwave ovens are combined with a convection oven which basically
cook the food using microwave and hot air simultaneously to achieve both the fast cooking
time and browning effect.
(3) …………………
However microwave ovens are used in some fast food chains and special microwave bags
are available for cooking fowl or large joints of meat.
Professional chefs generally recommend using microwaves for a limited set of tasks,
including: melting fats (such as butter) and chocolate, cooking grains like oatmeal and grits,
cooking rice, thawing frozen meats and vegetables before cooking by other methods and
quickly reheating already-cooked foods.
Using a microwave to boil water is potentially dangerous, due to superheating. In a
microwave, water can be raised quickly to a temperature above the boiling point before
major bubbles form, especially if it is purified and in a very clean glass vessel. (4)
…………………
This effect is rare, even for scientists who try to deliberately recreate it, and any seed
whatsoever for boiling is likely to prevent the problem. Boiling water with, for instance, a
teabag already in it will prevent any dangers by providing a seed, as will using a mug that is
not perfectly clean.

The risk greatly increases when water has already been boiled once in the same container.
This situation can occur if the user of the oven boiled the water once, forgot about it, then
came back later to boil it again. The first time the water boils, the seed bubbles
(microscopic bubbles of air around which larger steam bubbles grow) are used up and
largely eliminated from the water as it cools down. When the water is heated again, the lack
of seed bubbles causes superheating, and a risk of a steam explosion when the water's
surface is disturbed.
Placing something in the water before heating can mostly alleviate this risk. If you are
planning to mix something with the water, say tea or hot chocolate, adding it before heating
will insure that the water boils. Otherwise, placing a wood object, for instance a chopstick,
in the water before heating will also work.
Care should be taken when removing heated water from a microwave. Make sure that the
hands are protected from possible liquid boil-over, place the container on a level, heat-
proof surface and stir liquid with a warm spoon. Also, never add powdered substances
(such as instant coffee or cocoa mix) to the container taken from the microwave, due to the
addition of all those seed bubbles and the potential for violent, spontaneous boiling. (5)
…………………
Metal objects, such as metal utensils, in a microwave oven can lead to dangerous situations.
Metals do not absorb microwaves effectively. Instead, metals reflect microwaves, thereby
preventing the latter from reaching the food. (6) …………………
Thin metal layers, such as metal foil and mugs with metal trim can melt or burn due to the
strong electrical currents that are generated in metal objects. However, small solid metal
objects, such as spoons, in combination with a large amount of absorbing food or liquid,
normally do not lead to problems.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the
Original Wikipedia article.

Use the correct form of the words in the boxes to complete the sentences in each group A-H below. You may use sone of the words more than once. In some cases, more than one word may be correct.

I/ Match A and B

1........... 2........... 3............ 4............. 5............

6........... 7............. 8.............

II/ Fill in the blank with a suitable word

1. It was quite a bad cut and it was bleeding a lot, so I put on a ...........

2. He was ten kilos overweight and was advised to go on a ..............

3. You've eaten too much; that's why you have a pain in your .............

4. If you want to stay fit, don't eat too much and take plenty of ............ every day.

5. He .......... out at the gym to keep fit.

6. I have to go to the............ .I've got two fillings done.

7. I went to the doctor and she prescribed some ............

8. He coughs and sneezes a lot. I think he has a .............

III/ Fill in the gap with the suitable word. The intitial letter has been given for you

1. If you want a visa, you must book a r.......... ticket.

2. He has the flu so he has to stay at home on s........... leave.

3. When someone is leaving, you can say to them "Have a nice j.........."

4. A c............ is a trip on the sea visiting different places.

5. I'd love to move to the country and live in a old c.............

6. In the city centre, inexpensive a.......... is hard to find because it is scarce.

7. The main symptom of a cold is that you keep s...........

8. She was in terrible pain and the nurse gave her an i...........

9. He has worked so much on the computer today so he has a terrible

h...........

10. When I'm on holiday, I enjoy s......... on the beach.

IV/ Read the following paragraph and write the correct word (printed in bold type) for each definition.

The world's oceans are so vast that they can cope with the present levels of pollution. However, little is known about the long term effects of such slow poisoning. The most serious problem of modern times is that man is destroying the earth's natural resources and transforming huge areas into wasteland. As a result, it is becoming extremely difficult to grow enough to feed the world's rapidly increasing population. A way of protecting all the wildlife on the earth must also be found as many species are in danger of disappearing completely from the face of the earth. The dangers, however, are not confined solely to the land and the sea. The smoke in the atmosphere, for example, in increasing so much that the amount of sunlight has been reduced in many cities. Man's whole environment is being changed in a serious way.

1. birds, animals, fish which are not tame ...........................

2. keeping something safe from harm ...........................

3. The process of making something dirty ................

4. barren area, desert ......................

5. the air, water and land in which we live.....................

6. causing damage ......................

7. wealth, goods or products people can use ...................

8. The air surrounding the earth .....................

9. the number of people living in one place .......................

10. results, consequences .............................

V/ Complete the paragraph by using the correct form of the words in brackets.

A STRANGE OBJECT IN THE FIELD

There is a considerable public concern in Shaston following the (discover).............. on Wednesday evening of a metal (contain)............... filled with (poison).............. liquid. The object was found by a local (reside).............. when he was walking with his lovely dog in a field behind a newly built chemical factory. As yet, the factory has been (able)........... to provide any (explain)............. as to show how the object came to be in the field. A spokersperson stated that a full investigation was taking place and that security procedures were being reviewed.

People living in the (neighbor)............are extremely angry, as a year ago they withdrew their objection to the (decide).............. to biuld the factory here after the company had stated that no dangerous (chemistry).............. would be produced on this site.

Thinking the Unthinkable

Today ,it seems that no one is uninformed about the environment .Every day the media shows us more evidence of climate: (1)........ weather,melting icecaps and (2)............. seas.Most of us belive we can so somethings to(3)............ global disasters such as (4)............ or conserving energy.

it's strange to recall that before the 1960s few people knew of the damage we were going to the planet.however one scientist had already realized the dangers ahead.And today,this same man believes it may be too late to (5)........... h world.

In the 1960s, professos James Lovelock came up (6)... one of the most famous theories on the environment the Daia hypothesis.According to this hypothesis,the earth's atmosphere,soil,and oceans work in concert to(7)........ an inhabitable environment for humans .if we dirupt these elements too severely the earth may one day become unhibitable.

Is Lovelock right this time too? Surely can we prevent this nightmare,(8)......... we all recycle,use renewable energy and travel less by plane and care? Lovelock disagrees.According to him it is now impossible to reveese global

Now over 90 years old Lovelock many not live to (10)........ if he is right or not

Complete the passage with the suitable words.

Health is something we tend to ignore when we have it. When our body is rather well, we're hardly ever (1) .......... of it. But illness can come, even (2) ........... we are young. In fact, childhood has been a very vulnerable time. Many (3) ........ attacked children in particular and people knew very little about how to prevent such illness or how to (4) ........ them once they struck. The resuft was that many children died. About century ago, however, scientists found out about germs, and then everything (5) ........ The cause of many diseases (6) ........ known, and cures were developed. As this medical knowledge spread the world became (7).......... safer for children. The resuft is that whereas a hundred years ago the average man lived for 35 years. Nowadays, in many places of the world, people can expect to (8)........... for years. And what do we except by the years 2010 ? Undoubtedly, (9)....... science will continue to advance. Some people will be able to (10).......... medical problems that are unavoidable today.