b: \(=\dfrac{2x^4-2x^3-2x^2-3x^3+3x^2+3x+x^2-x-1}{x^2-x-1}\)

\(=2x^2-3x+1\)

Bài 1:

Ta có: \(5x^3-3x^2+2x+a⋮x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^3+5x^2-8x^2-8x+10x+10+a-10⋮x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-10=0\)

hay a=10

Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=2x^3-3x^2+x+a\)

Ta có: phép chia \(f\left(x\right)\) cho \(x+2\) có dư là \(R=f\left(-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(-2\right)=2.\left(-2\right)^3-3.\left(-2\right)^2+\left(-2\right)+a\)

\(f\left(-2\right)=2.\left(-8\right)-3.4-2+a\)

\(f\left(-2\right)=-16-12-2+a\)

\(f\left(-2\right)=-20+a\)

Để \(f\left(x\right)\) chia hết cho \(x+2\) thì  \(R=0\) hay \(f\left(-2\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow-20+a=0\Leftrightarrow a=20\)

a)\(f\left(x\right)=2x^2-x-3+5=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)+5\)

Để \(f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)+5⋮\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5⋮\left(x+1\right)\)

mà \(x+1\in Z\Rightarrow x+1\in U\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;1;5;-5\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0;4;-6\right\}\)

Vậy...

b) \(f\left(x\right)=3x^2-4x+6=\left(3x^2-4x+1\right)+5=\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)+5\)

Để \(f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)+5⋮\left(3x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5⋮\left(3x-1\right)\) mà \(3x-1\in Z\Rightarrow3x-1\in U\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;1;5;-5\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;\dfrac{2}{3};2;-\dfrac{4}{3}\right\}\) mà x nguyên\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;2\right\}\)

Vậy...

c)\(f\left(x\right)=\left(-2x^3-7x^2-5x+2\right)+3\)\(=\left(-2x^3-4x^2-3x^2-6x+x+2\right)+3\)\(=\left[-2x^2\left(x+2\right)-3x\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)\right]+3\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(-2x^2-3x+1\right)+3\)

Làm tương tự như trên \(\Rightarrow x+2\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-5;-3;-1;1\right\}\)

Vậy...

d)\(f\left(x\right)=x^3-3x^2-4x+3=x\left(x^2-3x-4\right)+3=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)+3\)

Làm tương tự như trên \(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-4;-2;0;2\right\}\)

Vậy...

Lời giải:
a. $f(x)=x^4-3x^2+2x-7=x^3(x+2)-2x^2(x+2)+x(x+2)-7$

$=(x+2)(x^3-2x^2+x)-7=g(x)(x^3-2x^2+x)-7$

Vậy $f(x)$ chia $g(x)$ được thương là $x^3-2x^2+x$ và dư là $-7$

b. Theo phần a $f(x)=(x^3-2x^2+x)g(x)-7$

Với $x$ nguyên, để $f(x)\vdots g(x)$ thì $7\vdots g(x)$

$\Leftrightarrow x+2$ là ước của $7$

$\Rightarrow x+2\in\left\{\pm 1;\pm 7\right\}$

$\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-3; -1; 5; -9\right\}$

c.

Theo định lý Bezout về phép chia đa thức, để $K(x)=-2x^3+x-m\vdots x+2$ thì: $K(-2)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow -2(-2)^3+(-2)-m=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 14-m=0$

$\Leftrightarrow m=14$