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Để M là số nguyên thì \(12\sqrt{x}+5⋮3\sqrt{x}-1\)
=>\(12\sqrt{x}-4+9⋮3\sqrt{x}-1\)
=>\(3\sqrt{x}-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3;9;-9\right\}\)
=>\(3\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;0;4;10\right\}\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{4}{3};\dfrac{10}{3}\right\}\)
mà x là số chính phương
nên x=0
\(M=\dfrac{12\sqrt{x}+5}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{12\sqrt{x}-4+9}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{4\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)+9}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{4\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{3\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(M=4+\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
M nguyên khi:
\(9\) ⋮ \(3\sqrt{x}-1\)
Mà: \(3\sqrt{x}-1\ge-1\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{x}-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;9\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};0;\dfrac{4}{3};\dfrac{10}{3}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\dfrac{4}{9};0;\dfrac{16}{9};\dfrac{100}{9}\right\}\)
Mà: x là số chính phương nên:
x = 0
1:
\(A=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-\left(3\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)-\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-9\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}+6-2x+2\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
3: A nguyên
=>-5căn x-15+17 chia hết cho căn x+3
=>căn x+3 thuộc Ư(17)
=>căn x+3=17
=>x=196
a: \(P=\left(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b: Để P nguyên thì \(\sqrt{x}+1⋮\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\in\left\{-1;1;2\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;4;9\right\}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{2}\left(đk:x\ge0,x\ne1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+2+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2.2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Để A nguyên thì: \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
Mà \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x}+1\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)
+ Với \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(tm\right)\left(do.\sqrt{x}+1\ge1>0\right)\)
+ Với \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\\\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\\\sqrt{x}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\left(VLý\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{1;\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right\}\)
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x-1}\right)-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\) đk: \(x\ge0,x\ne1\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)}\right]-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b)Để P<4 \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 4\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-4< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6-3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}>0\\\sqrt{x}-1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}< 0\\\sqrt{x}-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 2\\\sqrt{x}< 1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>2\\\sqrt{x}>1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 1\\\sqrt{x}>2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\le x< 1\\x>4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...
c)\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) \(=1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Để P nguyên khi \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) nguyên
\(x\in Z\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}\in Z\\\sqrt{x}\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\\\sqrt{x}-1\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại \(\sqrt{x}-1\in I\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\notin Z\) (L)
Tại\(\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\) .Để \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-1;1;-3;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;-2;4\right\}\) mà \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;4\right\}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;4;16\right\}\) (tm)
1) \(P=\dfrac{5-3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\left(đk:x\ge0,x\ne1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=-3+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
Do \(x\ge0,x\ne1\) và x là số chính phương
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;4;9\right\}\)
2) \(3x^2-5x+1=3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x+\dfrac{25}{36}\right)-\dfrac{13}{12}=3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{13}{12}\ge-\dfrac{13}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{2022}{3x^2-5x+1}\le2022:\left(-\dfrac{13}{12}\right)=-\dfrac{24264}{13}\)
\(minC=-\dfrac{24624}{13}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)