5. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect relationship. Use cause and effect signal word or phrase given in brackets. 1. One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising. The polar icecaps are melting. (because) 2. The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of) 3. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to) 4. More and more roads are being built. Air pollution is rising. (as a consequence) 5. In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut. 142 species of salmon have become extinct. (so) 6. The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)

*Combine each pải ò sentences, using the words given

l. People eat dirty food. They can be cancer. (If)

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. A factory directly discharges a large volume of waste water into the Thi Vai River. The river is

polluted. (If)

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Farmers use polluted water to water their plants. People eat these plants, they become sick with

diseases such as diarrhea, bacterial inflections even cancer. (If)

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Thermal pollution takes place. The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans will increase

or decrease suddenly. (If)

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. People live in radioactive pollution area. They can be skin cancer. (If)

_______________________________________________________________________________

6. One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising. The polar icecaps are melting. (because)

_______________________________________________________________________________

7. The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of)

_______________________________________________________________________________

8. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to)

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. More and more roads are being built. Air pollution is rising. (as a consequence)

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)

_______________________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets.

1. The noise from the music club is loud, so the residents of the street cannot sleep. (because of)

__________________________________________________

2. Vy had a stomachache because she ate a big dinner. (since)

__________________________________________________

3. Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my house was flooded. (due to)

__________________________________________________

4. His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy. (because)

__________________________________________________

5. Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. (causes)

__________________________________________________

6. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals living pattern. (causes)

__________________________________________________

7. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)

__________________________________________________

8. The area is uninhabirable. The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened. (made)

__________________________________________________

9. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)

__________________________________________________

10. Acid rain is dangerous. Tree'leaves are damaged. (because of)

__________________________________________________

11. Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. (because)

__________________________________________________

12. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illness when air pollution happens. (lead to)

__________________________________________________

13. Aquatic life suffers of dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of)

__________________________________________________

14. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so)

__________________________________________________

15. People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are axtremely polluted and has bad effects on people's health. (because)

__________________________________________________

16. Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water. (because)

__________________________________________________

17. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today. (so)

__________________________________________________

18. We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (make)

__________________________________________________

19. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect both artificial and sun light. (because)

__________________________________________________

20. All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for example, above 80 decibels. (because)

__________________________________________________

21. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so)

__________________________________________________

22. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of the region. (cause)

__________________________________________________

I. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

1. What is the main_______of visual pollution? - Because there are too many advertising billboards.

A. effect B. affect C. result D. cause

2. Households________waste into the river so it is polluted.

A. damage B. lead C. lose D. dump

3. If the factory ________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.

A. continues B. to continue C. continued D. will continue

4. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.

A. contaminating B. contaminate C. contaminated D. contamination

5. If I were you, I ______________ that car .

A. would buy B. buy C. bought D. buying

6. If the factorycontinues dumping poison _______ the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.

A. into B. to C. about D. in

II. Word form

7. The polluted water results in the _________of many aquatic animals DIE

8. If we use water __________________ . more people will have fresh water. CARE

9. Are all types of pollution ____________________ to the health of humans and animals? HARM

10. The music club made so much noise that the_________________ complained to its owner. RESIDE

III. Rewrite the sentences below without changing their original meaning

11. Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. (because)

.......................................................................................................................

12. Light pollution happens. There is a change in animals’ living patterns. (If)

.......................................................................................................................

13. Factories release fumes. The air breathe gets polluted. (due to)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One main cause of this issue is waste water coming from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers or seas without any treatment because this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water. Industrial waste consists of some kinds of chemical substances such as sulphur, which is harmful for marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer disease. Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes which are called “cancer villages”. Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people always use water for many purposes and then they dump waste water or garbage directly into rivers, canals and ponds and so on. In 2004, because of a bird flu outbreak in Viet Nam, people threw poultry to water body that made water highly polluted.

Question: What is the main reason for cancer disease?

A. rice

B. rain

C. lead

D. food

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One main cause of this issue is waste water coming from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers or seas without any treatment because this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water. Industrial waste consists of some kinds of chemical substances such as sulphur, which is harmful for marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer disease. Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes which are called “cancer villages”. Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people always use water for many purposes and then they dump waste water or garbage directly into rivers, canals and ponds and so on. In 2004, because of a bird flu outbreak in Viet Nam, people threw poultry to water body that made water highly polluted.

Question: What is the main reason for cancer disease?

A. rice

B. rain

C. lead

D. food

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One main cause of this issue is waste water coming from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers or seas without any treatment because this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water. Industrial waste consists of some kinds of chemical substances such as sulphur, which is harmful for marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer disease. Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes which are called “cancer villages”. Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people always use water for many purposes and then they dump waste water or garbage directly into rivers, canals and ponds and so on. In 2004, because of a bird flu outbreak in Viet Nam, people threw poultry to water body that made water highly polluted.

Question: What did Vietnamese do in 2004?

A. They bought dead poultry.

B. They ate dead poultry.

C. They threw dead poultry into water.

D. They dig dead poultry under ground