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Từ \(2a+2b+2c=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3bc}+\frac{2}{3ac}+\frac{2}{3ab}=1\left(1\right)\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{c}{b^2}+\frac{a}{c^2}-\frac{2}{a^2}-\frac{2}{b^2}-\frac{2}{c^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{c}{b^2}+\frac{a}{c^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{a^2}\cdot\frac{c}{b^2}\cdot\frac{a}{c^2}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(P_{Min}\) xảy ra khi \(\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{c}{b^2}+\frac{a}{c^2}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\forall a=b=c\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{2}\)
Khi đó \(P_{Min}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}-\frac{2}{a^2}-\frac{2}{b^2}-\frac{2}{c^2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-6}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{2}\)
Bài này giải như này cơ:
\(2a+2b+2c=3abc\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a-1\right)+\left(b-1\right)}{a^2}+\frac{\left(b-1\right)+\left(c-1\right)}{b^2}+\frac{\left(c-1\right)+\left(a-1\right)}{c^2}-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a-1\right)}{ac}+\frac{2\left(b-1\right)}{ab}+\frac{2\left(c-1\right)}{bc}-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-3\)
\(\ge\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)}-3=\sqrt{3.\frac{3}{2}}-3=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-6}{2}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-6}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{2}{c+a}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{2}{a+b}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.2017=\frac{2017}{4}\)
\(3a^2+4ab+b^2=3a^2+3ab+ab+b^2=3a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)=\left(3a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
xong AM -GM
\(P=\frac{a^2-1+1}{a-1}+\frac{2\left(b^2-1+1\right)}{b-1}+\frac{3\left(c^2-1+1\right)}{c-1}\)
\(P=a-1+2+\frac{1}{a-1}+2\left(b-1\right)+4+\frac{2}{b-1}+3\left(c-1\right)+6+\frac{3}{c-1}\)
=>\(P=a-1+\frac{1}{a-1}+2\left(b-1\right)+\frac{2}{b-1}+3\left(c-1\right)+\frac{3}{c-1}+12\)
ap dung bdt co si ta co
xay ra dau = khi va chi khi a=b=c=2
\(a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại, ta có:\(p\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) mà 3(ab+bc+ca)\(\le\)(a+b+c)^2=9
=>ab+bc+ca\(\le\)3
=> \(p\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra =>a=b=c=1
Bài 4: Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta có: \(P=\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{b^3+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}a.\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab^2+2a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)Giả sử b là số nằm giữa a và c thì \(\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2+ac\le ab+bc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc+bc^2\le a^2b+2abc+bc^2=b\left(a+c\right)^2=b\left(3-b\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(b\left(3-b\right)^2\le4\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(b-1\right)^2\le0\)(đúng với mọi \(b\in[0;3]\))
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\le\frac{1}{2}.4+3=5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 1; c = 0 và các hoán vị
Bài 1: Đặt \(a=xc,b=yc\left(x,y>0\right)\)thì điều kiện giả thiết trở thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x}{y+3}+\frac{y}{x+3}+\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2+y^2+3\left(x+y\right)}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2xy}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)
Có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\Rightarrow xy=3-\left(x+y\right)\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\left(0< t< 3\right)\Rightarrow xy=3-t\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{t^2}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge2\)(do t > 0)
Lúc đó \(P=\frac{t^2+3t-2\left(3-t\right)}{3-t+3t+9}+\frac{3-t}{t}=\frac{t}{2}+\frac{3}{t}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{t}{2}.\frac{3}{t}}-\frac{3}{2}=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)với \(2\le t< 3\)
Vậy \(MinP=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)đạt được khi \(t=\sqrt{6}\)hay (x; y) là nghiệm của hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{6}\\xy=3-\sqrt{6}\end{cases}}\)
Ta lại có \(P=\frac{t^2-3t+6}{2t}=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(t-3\right)}{2t}+1\le1\)(do \(2\le t< 3\))
Vậy \(MaxP=1\)đạt được khi t = 2 hay x = y = 1
đặt a-1=x ; b-1=y; c-1=z (x,y,z>0)
\(P=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{2\left(y+1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{3\left(z+1\right)^2}{z}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2x+1}{x}+\frac{2y^2+4y+2}{y}+\frac{3z^2+6z+3}{z}\)
\(=x+2+\frac{1}{x}+2y+4+\frac{2}{y}+3z+6+\frac{3}{z}\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(2y+\frac{2}{y}\right)+\left(3z+\frac{3}{z}\right)+12\)
Với x,y,z>0 áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có: \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{x\cdot\frac{1}{x}}=2\)
\(2y+\frac{2}{y}\ge2\sqrt{2y\cdot\frac{2}{y}}=4;3z+\frac{3}{z}\ge2\sqrt{3z\cdot\frac{3}{z}}=6\)
Suy ra \(P\ge2+4+6+12=24\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{x}\\2y=\frac{2}{y}\\3z=\frac{3}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)