\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl₂ + H₂

a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b

Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
 gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y 
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7 
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2  
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
 

a) nH2 = 6,72 : 22,4 = 0,3 (MOL) 

PTHH:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

x                         x          x (mol)

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

y                          y            y (mol)
ta có 
65x + 24y = 11,3 
x+y=0,3 
=> x = 0,1 (mol) 
=> y = 0,2 (mol)
=> mMg = 0,2 . 24 = 4,8 (G)
=> %mMg = \(\dfrac{4,8}{11,3}\) . 100% = 42,47 % 
=> %mZn = 100% - 42,47% = 57,53 %

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Zn, Mg

n_H2 =\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol

Pt: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

.....x......................................x

....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

.....y.......................................y

Ta có hệ pt: 

%m_Zn = 

%m_Mg = \

Pt: Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂ --to--> 3Fe + 4H₂O

0,075 mol<-0,3 mol

m_Fe3O4 = 0,075 . 232 = 17,4 (g)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu b) là tính nồng độ trong X chứ :v

a) 

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(0,4.2\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)

b) 

Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 27b = 7,8 (1)

Theo PTHH: n_H2 = a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2(mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu b) là tính nồng độ trong X chứ :v

a) 

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Theo PTHH: 

=> V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)

b) 

Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 27b = 7,8 (1)

Theo PTHH: n_H2 = a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2(mol)

=> 

=> 

a) 

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

b)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            0,3<-----------------0,3

=> m_Mg = 0,3.24 = 7,2 (g)

=> m_Ag = 10,4 - 7,2 = 3,2 (g)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{10,4}.100\%=69,23\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{3,2}{10,4}.100\%=30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)

c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:

Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂

0,15 ------------------------> 0,15

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3

\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe_xO_y + yH₂ --t^o--> xFe + yH₂O

Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)

CTHH: Fe_xO_y

=> x : y = 0,27 :  0,36 = 3 : 4

=> CTHH: Fe₃O₄ (oxit sắt từ)

mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
         0,2                            0,3
        Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
        0,15                          0,15 
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol) 
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L) 
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol) 
áp dụng BLBTKL  ta có : 
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O 
=> moxit sắt =  20,7 (g) 
 

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