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a. \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b. \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m_{Fe}}{M_{Fe}}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,5-------1---------0,5-----0,5
Theo PTHH: \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
c. \(H_2+CuO\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
0,5-------0,5-----0,5----0,5
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=n_{Cu}.M_{Cu}=0,5.64=32\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,07.0,5=0,035mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4:dư\\ V=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,02.22,4=0,672L\\ C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,005}{0,07}=0,071M\\ C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,07}=\dfrac{1}{7}\left(M\right)\\ CuO+H_2-t^{^0}->Cu+H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=0,03mol\\ n_{CuO}=\dfrac{6,4}{80}=0,08\Rightarrow CuO:dư\\ m_{rắn}=6,4-16.0,03=5,92g\)
\(n_{Ba}=\dfrac{24,66}{137}=0,18\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
0,18 0,18
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,18.22,4=4,032\left(L\right)\\
n_{CuO}=\dfrac{15,2}{80}=0,19\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(LTL:0,18< 0,19\)
=> CuO dư
theo pthh : \(n_{CuO\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Kl}=\left(64.0,18\right)+\left(80.0,1\right)=19,52\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2\ pư} = a(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_X + m_{H_2\ pư} = m_{chất\ rắn} + m_{H_2O}\\ \Leftrightarrow 25,6 + 2a = 20,8 + 18a\\ \Leftrightarrow a = 0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\ pư} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)\)
a)\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,67l\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=0,3\cdot127=38,1g\)
b)\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{18}{160}=0,1125mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,1125 0,3 0 0
0,1 0,3 0,2 0,3
0,0125 0 0,2 0,3
\(m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2g\)
a) PTHH : \(2Al+6HCl-->2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl-->FeCl_2+H_2\) (2)
\(H_2+CuO-t^o->Cu+H_2O\) (3)
b) Ta có : \(m_{CR\left(giảm\right)}=m_{O\left(lay.di\right)}\)
=> \(m_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=32-26,88=5,12\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=\frac{5,12}{16}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh (3) : \(n_{H_2\left(pứ\right)}=n_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(tổng.n_{H_2}=\frac{0,32}{80}\cdot100=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{cases}}\) => \(27a+56b=11\left(I\right)\)
Theo pthh (1) và (2) : \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\frac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\frac{3}{2}a+b=0,4\left(II\right)\)
Từ (I) và (II) => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}m_{Al}=27\cdot0,2=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{cases}}\)