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\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaCl_2}=80\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{5}{13}\left(mol\right)\)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
Dễ thấy \(H_2SO_4\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4\downarrow}=n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{5}{13}\left(mol\right)\)
Mà hiệu suất chỉ đạt 80%
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4\downarrow}=\dfrac{5}{13}.\dfrac{80}{100}=\dfrac{4}{13}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4\downarrow}=71,69\left(g\right)\)
\(A/n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.2=0,2mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=0,2.3=0,6mol\\ Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2NaCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{1}\Rightarrow BaCl_2.dư\\ Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2NaCl\)
0,2mol 0,2mol 0,2mol 0,4mol
\(m_{rắn}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6g\\ B/C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,1+0,2}=\dfrac{4}{3}M\\ C_{M_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,6-0,2}{0,1+0,2}=\dfrac{4}{3}M\)
\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{BaCl_2}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{1}\rightarrow BaCl_2dư\\ n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{rắn}=m_{BaSO_4}=233.0,2=46,6\left(g\right)\)
b, Dung dịch sau phản ứng có: NaCl và BaCl2 dư
\(n_{BaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\V_{ddsau}=0,1+0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddBaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right);C_{MddNaCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)
PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\) (1)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaCl_2}=150\cdot5,2\%=7,8\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=250\cdot19,6\%=49\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCl_2}=\frac{7,8}{208}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,0375}{1}< \frac{0,5}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) BaCl2 phản ứng hết, H2SO4 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=0,0375mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,0375\cdot233=8,7375\left(g\right)\)
b) Dung dịch A gồm: \(HCl\) và \(H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}\)
PTHH: \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\) (2)
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\) (3)
Theo PTHH (1): \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,075mol=n_{HCl\left(2\right)}\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4625mol=n_{H_2SO_4\left(3\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=0,075mol\\n_{NaOH\left(3\right)}=0,925mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\frac{1}{1,5}\approx0,67\left(l\right)=670\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,3.0,2=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ AgNO_3+HCl\rightarrow AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+HNO_3\\ a,Vì:\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{0,06}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ \Rightarrow n_{AgCl}=n_{HNO_3}=n_{AgNO_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=143,5.0,02=2,87\left(g\right)\\ b,dd.sau.p.ứ:HNO_3,HCl\left(dư\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,06-0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\\V_{ddsau}=V_{ddAgNO_3}+V_{ddHCl}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{MddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,4}=0,1\left(M\right)\\ C_{MddHNO_3}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,4}=0,05\left(M\right)\)
AgCl kết tủa thì không có phải dung dịch nên không tính nồng độ mol đâu bạn
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
a,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{BaCl_2}=0,35.2=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓ + 2HCl
Mol: 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,12
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}< \dfrac{0,7}{1}\)⇒ H2SO4 hết, BaCl2 dư
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,6.233=139,8\left(g\right)\)
b,Vdd sau pứ = 0,2+0,35 = 0,55 (l)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,55}=\dfrac{12}{11}M\)
\(C_{M_{BaCl_2dư}}=\dfrac{0,7-0,6}{0,55}=\dfrac{2}{11}M\)
c,\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(lt\right)}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{58,8}{75\%}=78,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{78,4}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 3FeS2 + 6H2O + 11O2 → Fe3O4 + 6H2SO4
Mol: 0,4 0,8
\(m_{FeS_2\left(lt\right)}=0,8.120=96\left(g\right)\)
m fes2 (lt ) , lt là gì ạ